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Section 1: Living in the United States and Canada Today
Chapter Introduction Section 1: Living in the United States and Canada Today Section 2: Issues and Challenges Summary Chapter Menu

Regions The United States and Canada both have large land areas
Regions The United States and Canada both have large land areas. Each has unique landforms and resources. Americans and Canadians have used their rich resources and technological skills to become leading economic powers. How might a region’s economy influence the world economy? Chapter Intro 1

Section 1: Living in the United States and Canada Today
Places reflect the relationship between humans and the physical environment. Both the United States and Canada are often divided into economic regions. These regions are based on similar resources and climates. People in each region have developed distinctive ways of life based on the different physical characteristics of their area. Chapter Intro 2

Section 2: Issues and Challenges
Cooperation and conflict among people have an effect on the Earth’s surface. The United States and Canada are peaceful neighbors, sharing the longest undefended border in the world. Landforms and weather patterns do not stop at the border, however, and environmental actions by one country can affect the other. Chapter Intro 2

Chapter Intro-End

Places reflect the relationship between humans and the physical environment.
Section 1-Main Idea

Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary free market profit stock
biotechnology newsprint Academic Vocabulary guarantee media reluctant Section 1-Key Terms

Section 1-Polling Question
Do you think it is safe to keep your money in a bank? A. Yes B. No A B Section 1-Polling Question

In both the United States and Canada, many family-owned farms are struggling with competition from commercial farms and imported products. An idea that may allow small farms to survive is agritourism—or opening the farm to visitors. Farmers offer such interests as pick-your-own fruits, wagon or sleigh rides, overnight stays, horseback riding, or cattle drives. City dwellers enjoy seeing where their cereal comes from, and farmers stabilize their income. Section 1

Economic Regions The United States can be organized into economic regions. Section 1

Economic Regions (cont.)
In a free market economy, people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want, with limited government involvement. They also can work wherever they want. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

In a free market economy, business owners produce the products they think will make the most profits, and consumers shop for the best products at the lowest prices. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

Also in a free market economy, people can buy stock, or part ownership, in a company. When a company succeeds, it often pays some of its profits to the stockholders, but if the business fails, the stock becomes worthless. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

People can also save their money in a bank. Because of government guarantees, some of the money is protected should a bank fail. Although savings accounts are better protected, stocks provide a greater chance for high financial payoff. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

The economic focus of the Northeast has been on business. New York City has many financial and media companies. Boston is an important center for biotechnology research. The Midwest’s rich soil enables farmers to grow crops such as corn, wheat, and soybeans. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

Mineral resources found here include iron ore, coal, lead, and zinc. Beginning in the 1800s, manufacturing developed in the Midwest. Towns like Cleveland and Detroit made steel and automobiles, but over time the factories grew outdated and many closed, taking thousands of jobs with them. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

With its rich soils, the South long relied on agriculture; today, the area has expanding cities, growing industries, and diverse population. Houston, Dallas, and Atlanta make electrical equipment, computers, textiles, and airplane parts. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama produce oil and related products. In Florida, tourism and trade are major activities. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

The Interior West has magnificent scenery and outdoor recreation that attracts many people. Although the region is dry, irrigation allows for some agriculture. For many decades, mining, ranching, and lumbering were the Interior West’s main economic activities. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

Denver and Salt Lake City both have growing information technology industries. Albuquerque and Phoenix have tourism and service industries. In the Pacific area, fruits and vegetables are important crops for California, Oregon, and Washington. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

Sugarcane, pineapples, and coffee grow in the rich volcanic soil of Hawaii. Fish, timber, and mineral resources are important in the Pacific area as well. California has gold, lead, and copper, and Alaska has vast reserves of oil. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

Many industries thrive in California and Washington, including airplane manufacturing and computer software development. Los Angeles is the world center of the movie industry. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

California, the nation’s most populous state, has wide ethnic diversity. Nearly half of its people are Latino or Asian American. United States and Canada: Regions Section 1

Which is a product of Hawaii? A. Gold B. Timber C. Oil D. Sugarcane
Section 1

Regions of Canada With a few exceptions, Canada’s economic regions are similar to those in the United States. Section 1

Regions of Canada (cont.)
Fishing was for many years a major industry in the Atlantic Provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick, but overfishing has weakened the industry. Today most people hold jobs in manufacturing, mining, and tourism. The city of Halifax, in Nova Scotia, is a major shipping center. Section 1

Canada’s Central and Eastern Region includes the provinces of Quebec and Ontario. The paper industry is important in Quebec, as is the creation of hydroelectric power. Montreal, on the St. Lawrence River, is a major port and leading financial and industrial center. Section 1

Many in Quebec’s largely French-speaking population would like the province to separate from Canada. Because of the uncertainty this creates, many outside businesses have been reluctant to invest in Quebec’s economy. Section 1

Ontario, an agricultural, manufacturing, forestry, and mining center, has the largest population and greatest wealth of Canada’s provinces. The capital, Toronto, is Canada’s largest city and a major center of finance and business. It is home to people from about 170 countries. Section 1

Farming and ranching are major activities in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. This area produces large amounts of wheat for export and has large reserves of oil and natural gas. British Columbia has extensive forests that help make Canada the world’s largest producer of newsprint, the paper used for printing newspapers. Section 1

Mining, fishing, and tourism also help British Columbia’s economy. Vancouver, its capital, is Canada’s main Pacific port. Canada’s vast North covers about one-third of the country. Section 1

This area includes the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Many of the 25,000 people in this area are indigenous peoples. The main resources in the North are minerals such as gold and diamonds. Section 1

Which province has vast forests that provide the world with newsprint?
A. Quebec B. Manitoba C. British Columbia D. Alberta A B C D Section 1

Section 1-End

Cooperation and conflict among people have an effect on the Earth’s surface.
Section 2-Main Idea

Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary trade deficit tariff
trade surplus acid rain brownfield urban sprawl Academic Vocabulary restrict community Section 2-Key Terms

Section 2-Polling Question
Do you think there is a way to stop urban sprawl? A. Yes B. No C. I don’t know what urban sprawl is A B C Section 2-Polling Question

Urban sprawl has caused the decline of many downtowns, but Paducah, Kentucky, responded in an innovative way. Its leaders created the Artist Relocation Program, offering monetary aid to artists who will purchase and restore old houses and open studios. So far, 70 artists are involved with the Lowertown Arts District. Paducah is again thriving, artists have ownership security and community, and other towns have new hope. Section 2

The Region and the World
The United States and Canada trade with countries throughout the world. Section 2

The Region and the World (cont.)
The United States has the world’s largest economy and is a leader in world trade, with exports of chemicals, farm products, manufactured goods, and raw materials such as metals and cotton fiber. Canada sends many of the same goods overseas, as well as large amounts of seafood and timber products. Both countries are also major importers. Section 2

The United States and Canada support free trade, or the removal of trade restrictions, so that goods flow freely among countries. The United States needs more oil than it produces and depends on imports from Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, and Nigeria. Section 2

The United States spends hundreds of billions of dollars more on imports than it earns from exports, resulting in a massive trade deficit, or when a country spends more on imports than it earns from exports. To sell their products in the United States, some nations set the prices of their goods very low. Section 2

Also, some countries place high tariffs, or taxes, on imports in order to protect their own industries from foreign competition. These tariffs then raise the price of U.S. products and thus reduce the sale of the products abroad. Such practices hurt American companies and cost American workers their jobs. Section 2

Canada enjoys a trade surplus, or earning more from exports than it spends for imports. Canada’s smaller population makes its energy needs less costly. Also, Canada’s export earnings have been growing. Section 2

Since the early 2000s, the United States and Canada have worked to prevent terrorist attacks by increasing security along their long border and have participated in international efforts to stop terrorism. In 2003 Canada opposed the U.S. decision to invade Iraq, urging the American government to continue seeking a peaceful solution through the United Nations (UN). Section 2

The United States and Canada provide much of the UN’s funding, and they take part in UN agencies that provide aid to people in areas affected by war or natural disasters. Both countries have sent soldiers to serve in UN forces that act as peacekeepers in troubled areas of the world. Section 2

Did Canada support the United States’ invasion of Iraq? A. Yes B. No
Section 2

Environmental Issues The United States and Canada face similar environmental issues. Section 2

Environmental Issues (cont.)
For energy, Americans and Canadians burn coal, oil, and natural gas, causing air pollution. When mixed with water vapor in the air, the pollution makes acid rain. Canada has passed laws to reduce the amount of fossil fuels that is burned. Section 2

The United States has funded research for new, less environmentally harmful energy sources. Changing climatic conditions and a rising demand for water have lowered water levels of the Great Lakes. Section 2

Lower lake levels decrease the amount of goods that can be shipped, harm fish populations, and affect tourism as water pulls back from the area’s beaches. Brownfields are places such as old factories and gas stations that have been abandoned and contain dangerous chemicals that hinder new development. Section 2

Governments in the United States and Canada have given money to communities for cleanup. Urban sprawl, or the spread of human settlement into natural areas, has led to the loss of farmland and wilderness areas, traffic jams, increased air pollution, and strains on water and other resources. Section 2

Which factors have lowered the levels of the Great Lake?
A. Rising demand for water B. Global warming C. Changing climatic conditions D. Both A and C A B C D Section 2

Section 2-End

Free Market Economies The United States and Canada have free market economies that allow people to own businesses and earn profits. Producers and consumers decide what to produce, how much to produce, and for whom to produce. Governments play a limited role in free market economies. VS 1

U.S. Regions The five economic regions of the United States are the Northeast, the Midwest, the South, the Interior West, and the Pacific. The South and the Interior West are growing rapidly in population and economic strength. The Northeast focuses on business. The Midwest is rebuilding its industries. The Pacific area has diverse economies and populations. VS 2

Canadian Regions Canada’s main economic regions are the Atlantic Provinces, the Central and Eastern Region, the West, and the North. The Atlantic Provinces suffer from the decline of the fishing industry. Many people in French-speaking Quebec want their province to be independent. Ontario is Canada’s most populous and economically prosperous province. The West includes the grain-producing areas and the Pacific coastal province of British Columbia. VS 3

Global Ties The United States and Canada have joined Mexico in promoting free trade among their countries. The United States is a major global trading power. Its trade deficits, however, could cause future economic problems. The United States and other countries are working to prevent terrorist attacks. VS 4

The Environment The United States and Canada are reducing the amount of chemicals released into the air to reduce acid rain. Declining water levels and rising demand for water are affecting the Great Lakes. The United States and Canada face the loss of farmland and wilderness areas as urban sprawl increases. VS 5

VS-End

Figure 1

PP Trans

DFS Trans 1

DFS Trans 2

free market type of economy in which people are free to buy, produce, and sell with limited government involvement Vocab1

profit money a business earns after all its expenses are met Vocab2

stock part ownership in a company Vocab3

biotechnology study of cells to find ways of improving health Vocab4

newsprint type of paper used for printing newspapers Vocab5

guarantee promise Vocab6

media types of communication such as the Internet, television, and radio Vocab7

reluctant hesitant Vocab8

trade deficit situation that occurs when the value of a country’s imports is higher than the value of its exports Vocab9

tariff tax added to the price of goods that are imported Vocab10

trade surplus situation that occurs when the value of a country’s exports is higher than the value of its imports Vocab11

acid rain chemicals from air pollution that combine with precipitation
Vocab12

brownfield sites that have been abandoned and may contain dangerous chemicals Vocab13

urban sprawl spread of human settlement into natural areas Vocab14

restrict to limit Vocab15

community neighborhood Vocab16

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