1. Operational
Experience
with
FANS 1/A
ADS and
CPDLC

2. Airservices Australia (bob.peake@airservices.gov.au)

3. WHAT IS FANS 1?

4. FANS 1 FIRST INSTALLATIONS ON 747-400 PROVIDED SIX SERVICES
GPS NAVIGATION : RNP accuracy, Global time
AFN : Air Traffic Facilities Notification
CPDLC : Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
ADS : Automatic Dependent Surveillance
AOC : Airline Operational Communication
RTA : Required Time of Arrival

5. FANS 1 : GPS NAVIGATION Global coverage from GPS satellites
Coupled to Flight Management System
Accurate - to RNP specifications
Also provides global time reference
for navigation and ADS time stamping
The improved navigation capability brings operational benefits in its own right
wider range of alternate aerodromes -> less alternate fuel
reduced ATC separations (based on RNP criteria)

6. FANS 1 : AFN AFN - Air Traffic Facilities Notification
A process for flight crew to log on with their aircraft address to the initial ATC centre using that centre’s 4 letter ICAO identifier
AFN logon provides to the ATC system the names, versions & addresses of airborne applications
ATC handover can forward the aircraft address to the ‘next data authority’ (next ATC centre)

7. FANS 1 : CPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
Predetermined standard message set
defined in RTCA DO-219
FANS 1 does not support all DO-219 messages
some messages automatically arm/load the FMS
some messages automatically extract FMS data
Free text messages are also possible

8. FANS 1 : ADS Automatic Dependent Surveillance
ATC centre establishes ‘contracts’ with aircraft
periodic and ‘event’ triggered reports to ATC
future FMS points as well as present positions
use event contracts to assure conformance to flight plan
rather than frequent periodic position reports
On demand ‘one shot’ reports are also available

9. FANS 1 : AOC AOC = Airline Operational Communications
Flight Plans, winds can be uplinked to FMS
Flight Plan, position etc can be downlinked
Plus requests up to crew, down to airline
Reference - ARINC 724

10. FANS 1 : RTA RTA = Required Time of Arrival
Allows crew to specify Required Time of Arrival at a waypoint
FMS then controls aircraft to achieve this target
4D navigation : x, y ,z(altitude), t(time)
Used in Australia with ATM tactical flow management automation - ATC gives pilot a time to arrive at a ‘feeder fix’

11. AUSTRALIA’S AIRSPACE

12. Australia is responsible for one ninth of the world’s airspace2

13. Australian airspace compared to Europe

14. Australian and Adjacent FIRs
Melbourne FIR
Brisbane FIR
Fiji
NZ Ocean NZ
Honiara
Nauru
(FAA)
Oakland FIR
Indonesia
New
Guinea
Manila
FIR 4

15. The Australian ATC Environment
Approximately 5000 nm 2S
163E 4

16. OPERATIONAL USE OF ADS AND CPDLC IN AUSTRALIA
CPDLC with Flight Progress boards
used in Pacific oceanic airspace Aug 96 to Aug 99
CPDLC with ADS and Air Situation display
ATM system - no paper strips /flight progress boards
used since Aug 99
initially in Pacific oceanic airspace
now available all non radar continental airspace and Indian Ocean

17. AUSTRALIA’S ATM SYSTEM
THE AUSTRALIAN ADVANCED AIR TRAFFIC SYSTEM
(TAAATS)

18. TAAATS Brisbane

19. TAAATS Melbourne - Control Room

20. TAAATS Controller Workstation
Air Situation
Display (ASD)
Auxiliary
Display
Voice Switching and Control System (VSCS)
Metrad Information
TAAATS Controller Workstation

21. Key Features One console for all ATC roles - Radar - Non-radar
- Executive
- Planner
No paper strips
Plan view display of all aircraft

22. Radar Data Processing & Display
Radar Data Processor
Radar positions

23. ADS Processing & Display & Controller / Pilot Data Link (CPDLC)
Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS)
( positions )
& Controller / Pilot Data Link (CPDLC)
ADS & CPDLC Processing
FANS 1 and
ATN interfaces

24. ADS Tracks Displayed track position based on ADS reports
Periodic Reports with projected intent
Waypoint Change Reports
Extrapolated position symbol
ADS Waypoint Change Report
a) Position C
b) Next waypoint ( lat/long, alt, time)
c) Next waypoint +1 (lat/long, alt)
Actual position symbol A B C
ADS Periodic Report
a) Position A
b) Fixed projected intent group B, (lat/long, alt, time) D
ADS Periodic Report
a) Position B
b) Fixed projected intent group D (lat/long, alt, time)
c) Intermediate intent group : Vector B to C
ADS periodic report
a) Position D
b) Fixed projected intent group (E) E

25. Flight Plan Track Processing & Display. .. B C A E F D
ALPHA at 1205, flight level 330, estimating CHARLIE at
Flight Plan Track Processing & Display
Pilot position report for point
and estimate for point
Displayed track positions for
A to B to C
based on the pilot's position report
D to E to F
based on flight planned track, true air speed,
and forecast winds
entered by the controller
Estimates for positions
Flight Plan Track Positions

26. An Integrated ATM System
Position Reports
(ADS, CPDLC or Pilot)
Radar, ADS & Flight Data Processors
Radar
Positions
Flight Notification
Pilot
Intentions

27. Controller Pilot Data Link Communications

28. Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
World wide coverage by satellite and VHF radio data links
Standardised messages + free text
Links to FMS & ATC computers

29. Re-route Clearance via Data Link
(2)
New route data up-linked (based on new wind data)
(7)
Cleared route up-linked via CPDLC
for auto loading into FMS
(3)
Pilot requests clearance,
expressed in lat/longs,
via CPDLC down-link
(8)
WILCO triggers FDP update
Airline AOC
TAAATS
(4) Visualise route proposed
(5) Edit/revise
(6) Conflict probe
(7) Transmit clearance in lat/long
(8) Update FDP
(1) New weather data

30. OPERATIONAL APPLICATION OF ADS
Position reporting
Basic ADS reports
Position extrapolation between position reports
based on Projected Intent, Earth Vector etc reports
Automatic Flight Level monitoring
based on Vertical Event Contracts (with ATM system processing)
Automatic Route Adherence monitoring
based on Lateral Event Contracts
Automatic waypoint passing reporting
based on Waypoint Event Contracts (FDP automatically updated)
Automatic Flight Plan Consistency (FLIPCY) check
based on readout from FMS of next two waypoints

31. IMPACT OF ADS ON SEPARATION STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES
ADS can be used in lieu of voice or CPDLC position reports
ADS can be used to establish aircraft clear of crossing tracks
ADS can be used to establish aircraft maintaining a level
ADS can be used to monitor the new 50RNAV separation standard
Work is proceeding towards introducing a 30NM separation standard

32. ADS Event Contracts for Monitoring Flight Level
Detected by event contract trigger
A/C trajectory
Flight plan cleared levels
Cleared Level Adherence Monitoring (CLAM) allowed levels
ADS Event Contract Level Thresholds

33. Radar and ADS Processing
Route Adherence Monitoring (RAM)
Warning provided if aircraft outside current flight plan route
based on radar detection, ADS position and Lateral deviation reports
RAM: Typically 30Nm radius
Entry Point
Flight Plan route
RAM: unpublished : 10nm
published : 5 nm
RAM: 10Nm
RAM: 10Nm
Aerodrome

34. Checking of Flight Plan Consistency (FLIPCY)
ADS message
reported route
ARCW
QFA09
Flight Plan route
& tolerances
Aerodrome
Warning provided if aircraft FMS route is outside current FDP flight plan route

35. Radar & ADS Data Processing
Danger Area Infringement Warning (DAIW)
Provided as a Safety net only.
Upper FL
50 DAIW areas
16 point polygons, 2nm resolution
Activation times managed by
supervisor/airspace reservation (4 activity periods)
Lower FL
Look ahead time
Typ 90 secs
Track must be coupled to plan
Not In “hold” state
Track must have mode C
Cleared flight level usage
Use CFL as cap, unless rate of
climb/descent indicates otherwise
or if already passed through CFL
Disallowed for
Offline defined SSR codes
Defined callsigns
Supervisor Selected workstations

36. OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE
ADS & CPDLC STATISTICS

37. FANS 1/A AIRCRAFT QANTAS United Airlines Air New Zealand
Ansett Australia
Singapore Airlines
Cathay Pacific
Thai International
Malaysian Airlines
Korean Airlines
Emirates
South African Airlines
Future plans - FedEx (MD10) - Korean Air (747, 777)
Test aircraft -Boeing, Airbus

38. FANS 1/A AVIONICS TESTING The aircraft types listed below have used Australian ground systems for avionics certification testing B
B777
B717
C17
MD 10
A340

39. LOGONS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000

40. CPDLC UPLINKS 6 months to July 2000

41. TOP TEN UPLINKS

42. CPDLC DOWNLINKS 6 months to July 2000

43. TOP TWELVE DOWNLINKS

44. CPDLC - WEATHER DEVIATIONS Brisbane Centre - 6 months to July 2000

45. PDC UPLINKS 6 months to July 2000

46. ADS UPLINKS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000

47. ADS UPLINK MESSAGES Message Delivery Times - 6 Months to July 2000

48. ADS DOWNLINKS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000

49. DOWNLINKS : ADS PERIODIC REPORTS Message Delivery Times - 6 Months to July 2000

50. TOTAL UPLINKS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000

51. TOTAL DOWNLINKS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000

52. TOTAL (UPLINKS + DOWNLINKS) 6 months to July 2000

53. OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE
SOME CPDLC MESSAGES

54. FREE TEXT WELCOME MESSAGE
The following free text uplink message is sent to each FANS 1 aircraft as it enters Australian airspace “MSG_NO*169*ADS OPERATIONAL. NO FURTHER CPDLC POSITION REPORTS REQUIRED THIS FIR”

55. AN ACTUAL CPDLC EXCHANGE
UPLINK from ATC “MSG_NO*169*ADS OPERATIONAL. NO FURTHER CPDLC POSITION REPORTS REQUIRED THIS FIR”
DOWNLINK response from pilot “MSG_NO*67*UNDERSTAND NO POS REP REQUIRED WHAT DOES CPDLC STAND 4 TQ”

56. HOW NOT TO USE FREETEXT (a freetext route clearance request from Sydney to Los Angeles!)
“Flight No. Registration Sun Apr 23 01:04: MSG_NO*67*REQUEST DIR DOVOM.TERUX. S21E180.KILAN.DARMA.SAPIX.PASSA.QUIGG. SANTA.CANOL.BELAN.AHNDO.WEDES.LAX” (Flight No. and Registration removed for anonymity - this is a real message received by Brisbane in April)

57. HOW NOT TO USE FREETEXT
Sending WILCO in freetext instead of using MSG 0 “WILCO” in response to an uplink “Flight No. Registration Fri Jun 2 22:58: MSG_NO*67*WILCO”
This response defeats the ATC system automation which may be programmed to use receipt of the MSG 0 “WILCO” to automatically update the flight data processing record. Freetext is not recognised.

58. HOW NOT TO USE FREETEXT
Appending free text to the end of a position report “Flight No. Registration Fri Jun 2 22:58: MSG_NO*48*POSITION REPORT*27*26.100MINS*S* 157*54.200MINS*E*3H51M*320FL*HEELA*4H*7M*BEAGL*11H50M*-37Deg_C*266Deg*100kNOTS*0.84mACH* POVOP*3H*51M*320FL MSG_NO*67*REQUEST CLIMB FL340 TKS”
The position report automatically updates the FDP; the controller probably missed the freetext on the end of the position report

59. SOME AIRLINE BENEFITS FROM FANS 1

60. North Pacific Jetstreams - 00Z

61. North Pacific Jetstreams - 12Z

62. Winds at FL390 Clockwise circulation north of the equator
Anticlockwise circulation south of the equator

63. Most Fuel Efficient Routing

64. FLEXTRACKS Minimum fuel track between a city pair
Recalculated each day using forecast weather
Track Definition Message published
aircraft may plan this route
Used for some years Los Angeles - Sydney, Los Angeles - Auckland

65. Flextrack Savings 12

66. DARPS (Dynamic Airborne Route Planning System)
On Pacific long haul routes ( hours), a new forecast can become available one or two hours into the flight
A new minimum fuel route may offer benefits over the current flextrack
The new route can be uplinked via datalink, downlinked as a clearance request, and if approved used to update both the FMS & FDP
DARPS have been in operational use in the South Pacific since March 1999.

67. USER PREFERRED ROUTING
Each aircraft can plan an individually optimised route
not only taking into account winds, but also the individual aircraft weight, engines etc and airline operational choices
Same datalink procedures as for DARPS
Advanced ATM systems - ADS, CPDLC and Air Situation Display - support UPRs
Pacific trials under way - presently suspended until after Sydney Olympics

68. NEW ROUTES Los Angeles - Melbourne
not viable without FLEXTRACKS/DARPS
The ‘Silk Route’ north of the Himalayas
only open to FANS 1/A aircraft
uses all aspects of FANS 1/A : C, N, S and ATM
shorter, greater access to preferred flight levels
time savings from 20 mins to 1 hour BKK <-> LHR

69. Automatic Dependent Surveillance London Bangkok Sydney Melbourne Data - UK NATS

70. The Silk Route
Diagram - QANTAS

71. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ATN
&
CNS/ATM-1

72. ATN Platform with VDL Flight A/craft
Ground
Beech 350 Aircraft
VNI 750 PC
VHF Gnd radio
(TRG 750)
VHF air radio
(EVR 750)
X25/A429W
CMU/Bridge PC
Airborne RTR
(Sun)
Arinc Bus BN
Avionics
Navigation ML CB
Airservices
PSN
X.25 switch
Ethernet LAN
ATCC-2
End System ADS & CPDLC
Ground
ATN Router
End System ADS & CPDLC
Ground
ATN Router
ATCC-1
Ethernet LAN

73. NETWORK PLANNING ICAO ATNTTF
ICAO ASIA PACIFIC ATN Transition Task Force
Task Force formed by ICAO ASIA/PAC COM/MET/NAV/SUR Sub Group
Responsible for:
ATN Transition Guidance Material
ATN Transition Plan
ATN Major Elements such as security, performance and system management
AFTN Related Issues
Planning and Implementation Information in the Air Navigation Plan - to develop ground ground part of the CNS Facilities And Services Implementation Document (FASID)
Two Working Groups were formed to concentrate on producing a transition strategy and an ATN Topology for the Region

74. CNS/ATM-1 ‘ACCOMMODATION’
FANS 1/A systems are in widespread use
many aircraft, a number of ATM systems
many pilots and controllers now have significant experience
FANS 1/A & CNS/ATM-1 will operate in parallel
CNS/ATM-1 ADS & CPDLC has differences from the FANS 1/A implementation of ADS & CPDLC
Existing ‘FANS 1/A controller HMI’ & ATM processing needs to be upgraded to accommodate both ‘flavours’
Aim - upgrade to be ready when the aircraft arrive
Question - when will CNS/ATM-1 aircraft arrive in the Asia - Pacific Region???

75. QUESTIONS?