1. Mobile Broadband: Spectrum Needs and Harmonization
Veena Rawat
VP, Ambassador to the ITU
Research In Motion

2. Private and public partnership for mobile broadband access
Radio frequency spectrum is an essential resource for wireless access networks
Developing national mobile broadband capabilities is an area of high priority for many administrations
Assign spectrum for the greatest national benefit
A key policy element is to provide access to broadband networks in rural and remote areas
Mobile broadband can provide wireless access for rural and remote areas
New mobile broadband technologies, such as LTE, can provide traditional ‘fixed’ access and as well as new mobile applications in rural and remote areas
Spectrum harmonization (local, regional and globally) is the key component for mobile broadband networks to achieve benefits of economies of scale and increase spectrum efficiency

3. Mobile broadband technology for high capacity and large coverage
Technology is ready for flexible and large spectrum use
LTE-Advanced can support up to 100 MHz aggregated spectrum for high data rate and high user capacity
Contiguous spectrum is preferred to take advantage of this technology
Peak data rate for LTE-Advanced system (FDD)
(based on spectral efficiency as submitted to ITU-R from 3GPP)
Spatial multiplexing
Spectral efficiency (bit/s/Hz)
Bandwidth
5 MHz
10 MHz
20 MHz
40 MHz
80 MHz
Downlink
4 layer
16.3
80 Mbps
163 Mbps
326 Mbps
652 Mbps
1.2 Gbps
8 layer
30.6
151 Mbps
306 Mpbs
612 Mbps
2.4 Gbps
Uplink
2 layer
8.4
42 Mbps
84 Mbps
168 Mbps
336 Mbps
672 Mbps
16.8
168 Mbpz
1.3Gbps
Large spectrum bandwidth is also a tool to extend cell coverage – advantage for rural
For the same data rate, link budget is improved by transmitting on larger bandwidth with more power efficient modulation/coding scheme, e.g. QPSK and/or lower code rate.
The challenge is the implementation of multiple spectrum bands, especially in the user equipment
Multiple bands and carrier aggregation increase the complexity of RF front-end
Contiguous spectrum is preferred
Note 2: 3GPP Rel-10/11 specifications(LTE-Advanced), operation band can be up 5x20MHz total spectrum by aggregating 5 carriers, each of which can be up to 20 MHz bandwidth

4. Implementation complexity of handset/smartphone
E-UTRA(LTE) operating bands
Support legacy cellular bands
GSM/PCS/AWS/CDMA
More than 30 band classes defined for LTE
With Intra-band or inter-band carrier aggregation
Co-exist with other radio bands
WiFi/Bluetooth/GPS/NFC
Spectrum harmonization required to reduce device implementation complexity

5. Technologies and Bands
Mobile phones are required to support a wide range of wireless technologies
Users prefer a single device for access to all services
In most devices, diversity antennas are a minimum and five or more antenna sets are generally needed in a smart phone.
GSM
UMTS
EDGE
WCDMA
CDMA
EVDO
GSM
UMTS
EDGE
WCDMA
CDMA
EVDO
WLAN/WiMax
NFC
LTE
GPS BT
13.56
700
800
950
1575
1700
1900
2400
5800 (MHz)
Diversity
Diversity
Diversity

6. Antenna Placement in the Handset
Challenges
Where to put multiple antennas?
Distance between PCB/bracket and antenna should be >3mm (BT, GPS, WiFi and WiMax); for low bands it should be even higher.
Space under antenna element should be clear of any shields, flexes, or components
Large batteries limit the space allocated for the antennas.
Components (such as shield cans, speaker, camera) may be directly behind the antennas.
Smart phone also includes NFC 4G
Diversity
WiFI
Bluetooth &
GPS
Main

7. Spectrum Harmonization for mobile broadband
For the near term, the following spectrum is under consideration for mobile broadband and must be harmonized:
Digital Dividend 600/700/800 MHz
Remaining part of 1710 – 2200 MHz
2500 – 2690 MHz

8. Digital Dividend in Region 2
RR(WRC-12)
Region 2 (MHz)
Countries in Region 2 support MOBILE as primary service
Region 3 (MHz)
BROADCASTING
Fixed
Mobile
Argentina, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, the United States, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela
FIXED
MOBILE
5.297
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, the United States, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica and Mexico
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIO ASTRONOMY
Mobile-satellite except aeronautical mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space)
MOBILE A MOD 5.317A A
5.293
Canada, Chile, Cuba, the United States, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru
MOBILE B MOD 5.317A
5.313B
Mobile is secondary in Brazil

9. 1710 – 2200 MHz
1980
2025
2110
2155
MOBILE
MSS
2000
2180
2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile
1850
1710
1930
FIXED / MOBILE
FIXED/MOBILE
FIXED R2
AWS
PCS
LE-PCS
1710
1755
1850
1910
1930
2200
MSS
2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile
1990
2025
2110
2155
2000
MOBILE
2180
Canadian
Canadian Frequency Allocation: C37 (CAN-06) The designation of the bands MHz, MHz and MHz for Advanced Wireless Services may be the subject of a future public consultation.

10. 2500-2690 MHz ITU options for Band Plan 3GPP/LTE Band Plan LTE band 7
2570
2620
2690
LTE band 7
FDD - UL
LTE band 38
TDD
LTE band 7
FDD - DL

11. Harmonization and WRC-15
WRC-15 provides the next opportunity for harmonization at regional and global level
Agenda Item 1.1 to consider additional spectrum allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis and identification of additional frequency bands for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) and related regulatory provisions, to facilitate the development of terrestrial mobile broadband applications, in accordance with Resolution COM6/8 (WRC-12);
Agenda Item 1.2 to examine the results of ITU-R studies, in accordance with Resolution COM5/10(WRC-12), on the use of the frequency band MHz by the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service in Region 1 and take the appropriate measures;

12. Summary
Mobile broadband enabled by the current technology and has the advantage and flexibility to provide services and applications to wide range of regions, including rural and remote areas
Spectrum harmonization is the necessity for mobile broadband
Mobile broadband access prefers contiguous spectrum
Preparation for WRC-15 provides is opportunity to align harmonization and additional spectrum for mobile broadband

13. Backup

14. Digital Dividend in Region 2
Region 2 (MHz)
Different category of service:  in Mexico, the allocation of the band 470‑512 MHz to the fixed and mobile services, and in Argentina, Uruguay and Venezuela to the mobile service, is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.    (WRC‑07)
MOD
Different category of service:  in Canada, Chile, Cuba, the United States, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and Peru, the allocation of the bands  MHz and  MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In Canada, Chile, Cuba, the United States, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and Peru, the allocation of the bands  MHz and  MHz to the mobile service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In Argentina and Ecuador, the allocation of the band  MHz to the fixed and mobile services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.     (WRC‑12)
5.297  Additional allocation:  in Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, the United States, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica and Mexico, the band MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.     (WRC‑07)
5.309  Different category of service:  in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Honduras, the allocation of the band  MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.
5.313B Different category of service:  in Brazil, the allocation of the band MHz to the mobile service is on a secondary basis (see No. 5.32).     (WRC‑07)
5.317A Those parts of the band  MHz in Region 2 and the band  MHz in Regions 1 and 3 which are allocated to the mobile service on a primary basis are identified for use by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) – see Resolutions 224 (Rev.WRC‑12) and 749 (Rev.WRC‑12), as appropriate. This identification does not preclude the use of these bands by any application of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations.     (WRC‑12)

15. APT band plan

16. Under review(NTIA/FCC)
1980
2025
2110
2155
MOBILE
MSS
2000
2180
2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile
1850
1710
1930
FIXED/ MOBILE
FIXED/MOBILE
FIXED R2
AWS
PCS
LE-PCS
1710
1755
1850
1910
1930
2200
MSS
2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile
1990
2025
2110
2155
2000
MOBILE
2180
Canadian
C37 (CAN-06) The designation of the bands MHz, MHz and MHz for Advanced Wireless Services may be the subject of a future public consultation.
1710
1755
1850
1915
1930
1995
2025
2110
2200
2155
AWS -1
PCS
AWS-4
2000
UPCS
AWS-3
AWS-2
2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile
Under review(NTIA/FCC)
for mobile broadband
2180 US
Notes:
The spectrum for further authorization can be assigned as PCS/AWS extension
Band plans for these spectrum should maintain the existing technical condition and minimize the implementation complexity of handset
Mexico AWS: MHz/ MHz(60+60 MHz)
Peru AWS: MHz/ MHz(60+60 MHz) 16

17. MHz

18. MHz
US Band plan
Canadian
Band plan
ECC Band plan 18

19. Where to put the antennas and radios?
e.g. Smart Phone c. 2008
Antenna
connectors
back
Note: individual antennas
may support multiple service bands
Space for battery
SIM connector