1. and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s
Rise of New Leaders
and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

2. Politics Between the Wars
Many new democracies started up in the world, ,but there was also a strong push for communist uprisings in Germany, France and the United States
By the end of the 1920s. Most countries were overtaken by a worldwide depression.
This table illustrates the exchange rates of 1US$ value in German marks.

3. Politics Between the Wars
The many democratic nations set up after WWI soon found themselves battling off other political ideologies such as communism or socialism.
Fear of communism grew as nations saw Communists not as revolutionaries, but as an attempt by the Soviet Union to take over their nation.
A response to communism and a solution to the problems of post WW I Europe was a new ideology known as fascism

4. Factors leading to Fascist type government
* Economic crisis * Fear of communism
* Desire for leadership/order * Fear of social unrest/chaos
Fascism allows one charismatic leader to take power and restore the nation’s strength and pride by whatever means necessary.
Promotes the idea that everyone must work to make nation strong.

5. Three Fascist Nations
Germany Italy Japan

6. Great Depression during 1930s Total Control of State by a Dictator
Black Tuesday stock market crashes
Treaty of Versailles
Great Depression during 1930s
Totalitarianism
Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control -For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism
Total Control of State by a Dictator

7. Describe its characteristics…
Totalitarianism
What is it?
Describe its characteristics…

8. Totalitarianism
Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural)
Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)
Strict controls and laws
Military state (secret police, army, military)
Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)
Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)
One leader (dictator); charismatic
Total conformity of people to ideas and leader
Terror and Fear

9. Totalitarianism
*These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behavior

10. Communism
I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from
What is Communism?
LEFT WING
based on theory by Karl Marx
revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society”
state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership)
Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

11. Fascism
I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943.
What is Fascism?
RIGHT WING
intense nationalism and elitism- visibly patriotic
totalitarian control – strong military
interests of the state more important than individual rights
maintain class system and private ownership
People serve the state
Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

12. Nazism
I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
What is Nazism?
extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian
based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party
belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race”
belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe
Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

13. Nazi Controls

14. Nazi Military State GESTAPO: the Secret State Police
SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA
SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties

15. Nazi Military State
Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east
Wehrmacht: German army
HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth

20. “The Eternal Jew” Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.
This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.