1. Stimulating Green Growth in India: Policy Architecture
Green Economy for Poverty Reduction: Innovation and Scale
17th Poverty Environment Partnership (PEP) Meeting
K. Vijaya Lakshmi
Development Alternatives
Feb 6th-9th,2012
Orcha,(M.P) India
Development Alternatives

2. India’s Development Trajectory essential focus: economic growth and poverty alleviation
Pre – 1970
Asset Creation & Redistribution
1970s and 1980s
Income and Employment Generation
1990s
Liberalization and Globalization
Environment Awareness and Integration
Post 2000
Towards Inclusive Growth
Climate Awareness and Integration 2

3. Poverty Alleviation – Key Findings
India made steady progress in alleviating poverty, but not enough to achieve the MDGs
High levels of inequality based on caste and gender -exacerbate the poverty of vulnerable groups
Inequalities structural in nature, keeping groups trapped, making them unable to take advantage of economic growth
Culturally rooted systems perpetuate inequality
Women within lower groups are the worse affected
Agriculture sector brought down levels of poverty from 55% in early 1970s to about 35%today
Balance needed between Agri sector and productive employment in nonagricultural sectors (Kirit Parikh)
Reaching the poorest, the marginalized and the most vulnerable 3

4. Impact of Climate Change on India
700 million rural population directly depended on climate sensitive sectors and natural resources
Low adaptive capacity
°C temperature increase over India by the 2080s (IPCC, 2007)
Changes in rainfall pattern
India's 7,517 km coastline will be particularly hard-hit by storm surges and sea-level rise
Increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts and floods creating food security risk

5. Emerging Challenges and Imperatives
Steering a Rapidly Developing Economy
Macro-economic Issues
Globalisation and International Trade
Integrating Poor and Vulnerable Communities
Internal Security and Inclusive Growth
Migration and Trans-boundary Issues
Arresting Ecosystems Degradation and Climate Change 5

6. Current Policy Responses
By Government
Central Government
PM’s Advisory Council and NAPCC
12th Five Year Plan, 14th Finance Commission
Announcement of Voluntary Emissions Intensity Reduction
Nuclear Energy?
State and Local Governments
State and Local Governments’ Action Plans
Role of the Judiciary
Traditionally very proactive – tending to judicial activism 6

7. Current Policy Responses
By Other Indian Stakeholders
Private Sector
Civil Society Organisations
Research and Academic Institutions
Media 7

8. Climate Change (CC) concerns in Indian planning process

9. Climate change integrated planning
Planning process is guided by the principles of sustainable development
Initiatives such as renewable energy installations; introduction of green / bio fuels; enhancing afforestation etc
India released its National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
India has been assessed as the Best CDM country
Forest cover is increasing, by 0.8 million hectares a year neutralizing 11% of India’s annual GHG emissions
State of the Environment (SOE) Scheme
Environment protection as monitorable targets
Participatory management and Eco-development (People’s Biodiversity Registers, JFM,SFM)

10. Climate change integrated planning
Extension of conservation and management programmes to fragile or vulnerable ecosystems
Budgetary Regulations (indicator)
Reforms in the energy and power sector
Awareness, training, capacity Building, Research
Development of Institutional frameworks

11. Relative Expenditures on Major Adaptation Schemes by Thematic Area

12. Expenditure on adaptation to climate variability
Addressing Energy Security And Climate Change, Ministry of Environment & Forests Ministry of Power, Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Government of India October 2007

13. Thrust Areas of Policies
Energy Security
Access to Energy
Energy Efficiency
Diversification of resources
Food Security
Increased Production / Yield
Integrated Farming Systems
Efficient Irrigation Systems
Weather / Crop Insurance

14. Natural Resource Conservation
Afforestation
Integrated Management of Resources
Participatory
Disaster Management
shift from R & R to mitigation and preparedness
International Cooperation
collaborative research
mechanisms for technology transfer
REDD +

15. Policy implications of Climate Change
Policy imperatives for the energy intensive sectors such as, agriculture, industry, transport :
Inclusion of risk assessment and vulnerability studies in national infrastructure planning;
Integration of climate change scenarios into decision making
at local, regional, and national levels;
Development of adaptation options such as ensuring high design standards for new infrastructure to protect against extreme events;
Integration of emissions reduction and climate change adaptation strategies into policies that seek to promote industrial growth, urban and rural development
Trade policy
Alternate sources of energy

16. National Action Plan on Climate Change
8 Missions, 2 of which are focus on ‘Mitigation’ and 5 on ‘Adaptation’

17. MNREGA potential towards Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation
Case Study
MNREGA potential towards Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation
Choice of works (in %) under NREGA from initiation up till March 2007
Source: nrega.nic.in/presentations/PMOprese ppt available as on 15 June 2010

18. Various kinds of work under water conservation under NREGA
Source: Ministry of Rural Development available

19. Post Kyoto 2012 Focus
Energy Efficiency and Emission targets well set to reach 25% target
NAPCC as a Key vehicle of NAMA implementation
– If designed and implemented well, a great opportunity to realise policy to practice connect

20. Actions taken to reach 25% target
Renewable Energy Certificates Trading mechanism - 5 trading sessions have taken place
Promotion of off grid renewables under RGGVY
National Solar Mission call for batch 2 of phase 1 has been made.
Invited bids for 350 MW PV capacity under solar mission  
                  
MNRE invited bids for the second batch of solar power projects under the Phase I of the (JNNSM).
Projects selection through reverse bidding wherein developers shall offer discounts on the base tariff of Rs per kWh. 
     

21. Actions taken to reach 25% target…contd
Role of technology,innovation & international regime
REC, JNNSM and PAT allow registration of projects under CDM.
Feasibility Studies carried our for industries and lighting (LED) using Japanese technology
Delhi Metro Project was financed by JBIC.
- Mitsubishi was instrumental in supplying technology for this project.

22. Proactive Measures at National Level
Indian Network of Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) – 127 labs on climate change & impacts in different sectors
Expert Group on a low carbon strategy and inclusive growth – to recommend for prioritized actions in Electricity, Transport, Industry, Oil & Gas, Buildings and Forestry
Carbon Tax on Coal to fund Clean Energy
Perform, Achieve and Trade Mechanism for Energy efficiency
Assessment of Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources, Agriculture, Forests and Human Health
Bachat Lamp Yojana as CDM Program
State level actions

23. India Inclusive Innovation Fund (IIIF)
IIIF will use Rs.5000 Cr to foster inclusive innovation
Focus: innovative models for poverty alleviation
Priority areas:
- Health
- Rural communications,
- Agriculture,
- Animal husbandry and
- Green energy.
- Should largely be invested in Gender Inclusive innovations

24. What is Inclusive Development ?
Development that :
Reduces poverty
Enables all groups of people to contribute to:
- creating opportunities
- sharing the benefits of development and
- participating in decision making

25. Innovation to Empowerment&Inclusivity
Innovation to empowerment is not a natural transformation. It requires:
- strategic interventions
- convergence of commitment
- shift in paradigms
- forging of new alliances
- unleashing of innovations
- an unprecedented opportunity is waiting for new alliances

26. THANKS