1. The Work of Gregor Mendel
Chapter 11-1

2. Set up Cornell Notes
11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel

3. Gregor Mendel Austrian live in the mid 1800’s Born to peasant farmers
Became a monk and lived in a monastery

4. Gregor Mendel
“Father of Genetics”
Experimented garden plants and small farm animals to understand genetics.
Known mostly for his experiments with pea plants

5. Genetics Scientific study of heredity
The study of how parents pass down traits to their offspring

6. Inheritance
The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

7. Mendel’s Experiments
Mendel Cross Pollinated Pea Plants and Studied how their traits were passed from 1 generation to the next
Kept DETAILED records (Data)
Analyzed data and came up with conclusions that eventually were turned into the laws of genetics

9. Mendel and Hawkweed

10. Trait
Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
Traits Mendel looked at:
Mendel started with purebreds and all offspring came out looking like their parents.
Short

11. What is Probability?
Question: If I toss a penny 50 times, how many times will it land on heads? Hypothesis: Data: Heads Tails Totals: %Heads & %Tails Conclusion:

12. Probability
Question: If we add up all of the coin tosses in the class, what do you think the percentage of times did the pennies land heads? Hypothesis: Data: Totals % heads tails Conclusion:

13. Probability
Question: If we add up all of the coin tosses in all of Ms. Hau’s classes, what do you think the percentage of times did the pennies land heads?
Hypothesis:
Data: Totals %
heads
tails
Conclusion:

14. Probability It’s the likelihood that an event will happen
Its Not Exact
One event does not affect the next
The more times you repeat an event the more likely you’ll get closer to your predicted outcome.

15. Purebred/ Homozygous TT = tall & tt = short
Genetically pure for a particular trait. Both genes are the same for a trait.
Offspring
Parents
TT = tall & tt = short

16. What do you think the outcome was?

17. Hybrid / Heterozygous Tt = Tall Have two different forms of a gene
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18. Gene
A segment on a chromosome consisting of a long sequence of nitrogen bases that code for a protein. (Proteins do the work in cells and determine traits)

19. Allele OR Example: Gene for Plant height -Allele for Tall OR
Different form of a gene OR
Example:
Gene for Plant height
-Allele for Tall OR
-Allele for Short OR OR

20. Mendel’s Principle of Dominance
States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

21. Dominant Allele The stronger form of a gene.
Represented by the capital letter of the dominant trait. (T=tall)
If present will be the trait that is expressed.

22. Recessive Allele The weaker form of a gene.
Is represented with a lower case letter. (t=short)
Recessive trait hides unless both genes are the recessive allele.

23. Genetic Data Collection
P- generation
F2- generation
F1- generation
The first set of parents were called the “P” generation
The resulting offspring were called the “F1” generation
The offspring of the F1 generation were called the “F2” generation

24. Gamete
Sex cells (Egg & Sperm)

25. Fertilization When male and female reproductive cells join
Egg & Sperm Or Pollen & Egg

26. Zygote
Fertilized Egg

27. Segregation
All living things contain 2 genes for every trait, one from their mother and one from their father
During production of sex cells the chromosomes separate so that each gamete have only 1 set of chromosomes

28. Crossing 2 Hybrids: