Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Stoichiometry.

Published byRosamond Stone Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Stoichiometry."— Presentation transcript:

1 Stoichiometry

2 TOPICS Everyday Stoichiometry Simple Stoichiometry
Calculating Amount of Product or Reactant Limiting Reagent Percent Yield

3 Standards Addressed: Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry
3a. Students know how to describe chemical reactions by writing balanced chemical equations 3d. Students know how to determine the molar mass of a molecule from its chemical formula and a table of atomic masses an how to convert the mass of a molecular substance to moles, number of particles, or volume of gas at STP. 3e. Students know how to calculate the masses of reactants and products in a chemical reaction from the mass of one of the reactants or products and the relevant atomic masses.

4 Definitions Stoichiometry: the study of mass relationships on chemical equations. Excess: more than enough available; won’t run out of that reactant Mole-mole ratio: how two substances are numerically related to each other in units of moles; you get these numbers from the balanced chemical equation.

5 Everyday Stoichiometry:
2 wheels + 1 frame → 1 bike How many wheels and frames do you need to make 5 bikes? If you have 6 wheels and 4 frames, how many bikes can you make? If you have 11 wheels and 3 frames, how many bikes can you make?

6 TOPICS Everyday Stoichiometry Simple Stoichiometry
Calculating Amount of Product or Reactant Limiting Reagent Percent Yield

7 Simple Stoichiometry:
Here is the “recipe” for water: 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O *This recipe says: 2 molecules of H2 react with 1 molecule of O2 to produce 2 molecules of water 2 moles of H2 react with 1 mole of O2 to produce 2 moles of water

8 Question How many hydrogens and oxygens do you need to make 8 waters?
How many waters can you make from: 10 H2 and 4 O2 5 H2 and 3 O2 25 H2 and 16 O2 Which of each is in excess?

9 Question Here is the “recipe” for diphosphorus pentoxide:
4 P + 5 O2 →2 P2O5 How many phosphorus and oxygens do you need to make 4 diphosphorus pentoxide? How many diphosphorus pentoxide can you make from: 12 P and 20 O2 21 P and 21 O2

10 TOPICS Everyday Stoichiometry Simple Stoichiometry
Calculating Amount of Product or Reactant Limiting Reagent Percent Yield

11 Mole-Mole Ratios Come from the balanced chemical equation
Ratio made between the “given” substance and the “get” substance Use the coefficients of the “given” and “get” from the balanced chemical equation Ratios can be between any 2 substances Reactant-reactant Reactant-product Product-product

12 Mole-Mole Ratio Examples
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O 2 mole H2 2 mole H2O 1 mole O mole H2

13 Mole-Mole Ratio Examples
Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g)→ 2 Fe (s) + 3 CO2 (g) Write a mol-mol ratio between the reactants… Write a mol-mol ratio between a product and a reactant… Write a mol-mol ratio between a product and a product

14 Calculating Amount of Reactant Needed
2 P + 3Cl2 → 2 PCl3 How many moles of phosphorus are consumed if 12 moles of phosphorus trichloride are produced?

15 How Much Product is Produced?
2 P + 3Cl2 → 2 PCl3 How many moles of PCl3 can be formed from 5 moles chlorine and excess phosphorus?

16 Question 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O How many moles of water are produced by burning 2.72 mol H2 in an excess of O2?

17 Question 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O What mass of O2 is consumed in the complete combustion of 6.86g H2 ?

18 Question 2 Ag2CO3 (s) → 4 Ag(s) + 2CO2(g) + O2(g)
How many grams of Ag2CO3 must have decomposed if 75.1 grams of Ag were obtained in the reaction?

19 Question 2 Ag2CO3 (s) → 4 Ag(s) + 2CO2(g) + O2(g)
How many grams of carbon dioxide were produced if 25.0 g of oxygen were produced?

20 Let’s Summarize the Steps
Is there a balanced chemical equation? Write down the “given” and the “get” Mini road map…g-mol-mol-g Set-up a dimensional analysis equation Cancel units and calculate Report answer to correct # of sig. figs.

21 THE LONGEST “MINI ROAD MAP” YOU WILL HAVE TO FOLLOW
GRAMS-MOLES-MOLES-GRAMS

22 Question KClO3 + 5 KCl + 6 HNO3 → 6KNO3 + 3Cl2 + 3 H2O
How many grams of KClO3 are required to prepare 10.0g of Cl2 ?

23 Iron (II) oxide decomposes into iron and oxygen gas.
2 FeO → 2 Fe + O2 How many grams of FeO are needed to produce 140g of Fe?

24 Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas
2 HCl + 2 Zn → ZnCl2 + H2 How many grams of hydrochloric acid are required to react completely with 1.00g of zinc?

25 Topics Everyday Stoichiometry Simple Stoichiometry
Calculating Amount of Product or Reactant Limiting Reagent Percent Yield

26 Anticipatory Set 3 cups flour + 2 cups sugar + 1 cup butter + 3 eggs = 1 batch Flour Sugar Butter Eggs 13 cups cups cups How many batches of cookies can we make? How did you figure it out? Flour-4 Sugar-5 Butter-3 Eggs-7, so we can only make 3 batches. The butter yields the smallest amount possible that can be produced. The butter tells how many bathes we can make; therefore the butter is the limiting ingredient.

27 Summarize Here, we did multiple calculations side by side and then chose the correct result. We can use this same type of reasoning/procedure to calculate the limiting reagent in a given chemical reaction.

28 Definition Limiting reagent: the reactant that is completely used up in the chemical reaction. The limiting reagent determines how much product can be formed. Calculating Limiting Reactant Which reactant will run out first? You can’t tell just by looking at it, so you need to do some calculations. NOTE: In limiting reagent problems, BOTH REACTANTS are converted to the same PRODUCT

29 Calculating the Limiting Reagent
P4 + 6 Cl2 → 4 PCl3 What mass of PCl3 forms in the rxn of 125g P4 with 323 g Cl2?

30 Limiting Reagent CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
If 12.0g CH4 and 30.0g O2 react to form CO2 and H2O, how many grams of CO2 will be formed?

31 Summarize the Steps we followed
1. Is there a balanced chemical equation? 2. Write down the 2 “givens” (both reactants) and the “get” (the product) 3. Set-up Dimensional Analysis equations; 1 for each given g-mol-mol-g 4. Whichever reactant produced the smaller amount of product, that reactant is the limiting reagent 5. Make your concluding statement

32 Topics Everyday Stoichiometry Simple Stoichiometry
Calculating Amount of Product or Reactant Limiting Reagent Percent Yield

33 Definitions Theoretical Yield: How much product you expect to get based on your calculation Actual Yield: Amount of product actually produced when the reaction is conducted… this amount is always stated in the problem Percent Yield: the percentage of theoretical yield obtained from the reaction

34 Calculating Percent Yield
% Yield = actual yield X 100% theoretical yield

35 Calculating Percent Yield
Determine the percent yield for the reaction between 98.7g of Sb2S3 and excess oxygen if 72.4 g of Sb4O6 are recovered along with an unknown amount of sulfur dioxide gas.

36

37 Percent Yield Determine the percent yield for the reaction between 46.5 g of ZnS and excess oxygen if 18.4 g of ZnO are recovered along with an unknown amount of sulfur dioxide gas.

38

39 END

Download ppt "Stoichiometry."

Similar presentations

Mole Review 1.) Calculate the number of moles in 60.4L of O2. 2.) How many moles are there in 63.2g of Cl2? 1 mol O2 60.4L O2 = 2.7 mol O2 22.4L O2 1mol.

Mole Review 1.) Calculate the number of moles in 60.4L of O2. 2.) How many moles are there in 63.2g of Cl2? 1 mol O2 60.4L O2 = 2.7 mol O2 22.4L O2 1mol.
Mole Review 1.) Calculate the number of moles in 60.4L of O2. 2.) How many moles are there in 63.2g of Cl2? 1 mol O2 60.4L O2 = 2.7 mol O2 22.4L O2 1mol.

Mole Review 1.) Calculate the number of moles in 60.4L of O2. 2.) How many moles are there in 63.2g of Cl2? 1 mol O2 60.4L O2 = 2.7 mol O2 22.4L O2 1mol.
Chapter 11 “Stoichiometry”

Chapter 11 “Stoichiometry”
Chemical Quantities In Reactions

Chemical Quantities In Reactions
Reaction Stoichiometry Chapter 9. Reaction Stoichiometry Reaction stoichiometry – calculations of amounts of reactants and products of a chemical reaction.

Reaction Stoichiometry Chapter 9. Reaction Stoichiometry Reaction stoichiometry – calculations of amounts of reactants and products of a chemical reaction.
Chemical Quantities Chapter 9

Chemical Quantities Chapter 9
Stoichiometry. TOPICS Everyday Stoichiometry Simple Stoichiometry Calculating Amount of Product or Reactant Limiting Reagent Percent Yield.

Stoichiometry. TOPICS Everyday Stoichiometry Simple Stoichiometry Calculating Amount of Product or Reactant Limiting Reagent Percent Yield.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 9 | 1 Information Given by the Chemical Equation Balanced equations show the relationship between.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 9 | 1 Information Given by the Chemical Equation Balanced equations show the relationship between.
Stoichiometry. Ingredients for12 servings : 8 Eggs (E) 2 cups Sugar (Su) 2 cups Flour (Fl) 1 cup Butter (Bu) Calculate the amount of ingredients needed.

Stoichiometry. Ingredients for12 servings : 8 Eggs (E) 2 cups Sugar (Su) 2 cups Flour (Fl) 1 cup Butter (Bu) Calculate the amount of ingredients needed.
Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations

Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry.

Chapter 9 Stoichiometry.
Stoichiometric Calculations

Stoichiometric Calculations
Chemical Reactions.

Chemical Reactions.
Starter S-125 1.2 moles NaC 2 H 3 O 2 are used in a reaction. How many grams is that?

Starter S moles NaC 2 H 3 O 2 are used in a reaction. How many grams is that?
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry

Chapter 9 Stoichiometry
Stoichiometric Calculations

Stoichiometric Calculations
Classic Butter Cookies 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 2 eggs 1/2 teaspoon almond extract Bake at 350ºF for 10 minutes.

Classic Butter Cookies 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 2 eggs 1/2 teaspoon almond extract Bake at 350ºF for 10 minutes.
Chapter 12 Stoichiometry The study of the quantitative, or measurable, relationships that exist in chemical formulas and chemical reactions.Stoichiometry.

Chapter 12 Stoichiometry The study of the quantitative, or measurable, relationships that exist in chemical formulas and chemical reactions.Stoichiometry.
STOICHIOMETRY Mass relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

STOICHIOMETRY Mass relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometry – Chemical Quantities Notes Stoichiometry Stoichiometry – Study of quantitative relationships that can be derived from chemical formulas.

Stoichiometry – Chemical Quantities Notes Stoichiometry Stoichiometry – Study of quantitative relationships that can be derived from chemical formulas.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google