1. Your Body Systems
Chapter 5

2. BELLRINGER: How many body systems can you name?

3. Body Organization Human Body Working together Complex Machine
City ( Buildings, transportation systems, Electrical energy)
Working together
Each part has role to play
Contributes to the function of the other parts of the body
** What happens to the body when a part is not functioning properly?

4. Cells Simplest and most basic units of life Human Body vs. Bacteria
Nucleus
“brain” of cell
Largest organelle of the cell
Contains the DNA

6. Tissues
A group of cells that are similar & work together to perform a specific function
4 Types of Main Body Tissue :
Epithelial ( Boundary)
Protects body from moisture loss, bacteria, internal injury
Muscle ( movement)
Connective Tissue ( Support & Structure)
Nervous Tissue ( Messaging System)

7. Body Tissue

8. Organ
Two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function

9. Organs How many organs are in the human body?78
Which organ is the largest?
Skin
What is the major organ of the body?
Brain
Other organs of the body

10. Body System A group of organs that work together for one purpose
Your Body Systems:
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Circulatory System
Respiratory System

11. Body System
Function
Nervous System
Controls & coordinates activities of the body systems
Endocrine System
Helps nervous system control and coordinate activities of the body; helps regulate growth
Skeletal System
Provides a framework to support and protect the body
Muscular System
Works with the skeletal system to cause movement
Digestive System
Breaks down foods into simpler substances; transfers nutrients into the blood; eliminates solid waste products so they can be eliminated from the body; protects the body from disease
Circulatory System
Transports and distributes gases, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body; collects and transports waste products so they can be eliminated from the body; protects body from disease
Respiratory System
Exchanges oxygen from the environment and carbon dioxide from the body
Urinary System
Filters liquid waste products from the blood and eliminates them from the body

12. Body Systems Work Together
Each system has a different function
Work together and help on another
Body systems depend on one another
Perform their functions properly
When working properly
The body stays alive and is healthy

13. CELL ORGANIZATION POSTER HANDOUT

14. BELLRINGER : ARE PEOPLE WITH BIGGER BRAINS SMARTER THAN PEOPLE WITH SMALLER BRAINS?

15. Nervous System
Body system that gathers and interprets information about the body’s internal & external environments and responds to that information

16. Nervous System Components
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves
Sensory Organs ( eyes, ears, taste buds)

17. Nervous System Controls voluntary & involuntary activities
Walking
Talking
Heart beat
Also allows …
Seeing
Hearing
Smelling
Tasting
Detect pain & pressure

18. Nervous System controls
Conducts electrical messages to & from various parts of your body
NERVE IMPULSES
Carry information that help the organs and body systems carry out their functions correctly

19. The Brain
Major organ
Mass of nervous tissue that is located inside your skull

20. Brain Impulses Sends impulses to different parts of the body
Impulses contain information about your body and about the world around you
Constantly receiving impulses
Your brain uses this information to
Tell your body how to react to the environment
Sending impulses to different body parts

21. Structure of Brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

22. Cerebrum Largest part of the brain Most complex
Coordinates many activities of the brain
Controls
Senses, emotions, voluntary muscle movements, consciousness, learning, & memory

24. Cerebellum Second largest part of the brain Controls
Muscle coordination, balance, and posture

26. Brainstem Connects to the spinal cord Controls Heart rate
Blood pressure
Breathing

28. PIN THE FUNCITON ON THE BRAIN

29. Central Nervous System (CNS)
Includes brain & spinal cord
Spinal Cord
Bundle of nervous tissue that is about a foot and a half long and is surrounded by your back bone
Spinal cord Function
Relay impulses between the brain and different parts of the body
Interpreting impulse
Brain – spinal cord – body part
Body part – spinal cord – brain

31. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Composed of nerves that connect all parts of your body to the CNS
Uses nerves to control the actions of different parts of the body

33. ** ONLY IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ***
Nerves
A bundle of cells that conducts electrical signals through the body
Like an electrical cable
Many small wires
** ONLY IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ***

34. Nerves Means of communication in the CNS CNS & skeletal system
When & how to move
CNS & Skin
Heat
Pressure
Pain
Other sensations from the environment

35. Common Problems of the Nervous System
Meningitis
Rabies
Concussions
Stroke
Paralysis
Epilepsy
Cerebral Palsy

36. Meningitis
Infection, inflammation of the protective covering of the brain & spinal cord
Bacterial & viral
Bacterial ( antibiotics )
Vaccine
No vaccine to treat / prevent viral form

37. Rabies
A viral infection of the brain that causes irritation of the brain and spinal cord
Passed by saliva of an infected animal
Avoid wild / unfamiliar animals
Medical treatment needed

38. Concussion Blow to the head
May cause brief memory loss; unconsciousness
Preventative measure
Wear protective headgear

39. Stroke Death of brain tissue Medical attention & hospitalization
Lack of blood going to brain
Medical attention & hospitalization

40. Paralysis Partial / total loss of the ability to use muscles
Caused by damage to brain or spinal cord
May be permanent

41. Epilepsy
Disorder of the nerves and brain that are characterized by uncontrollable muscle activity
Form of seizure
Treated with medication

42. Cerebral Palsy Very poor muscle control No cure or prevention
Caused by damage of the brain
No cure or prevention
Physical therapy

43. Endocrine System
Network of tissues and organs that release chemicals that control certain body functions

44. Hormones
Chemicals that travel in the blood and cause changes in different body parts
Tells body how to grow or develop
Stressful Situations
Fight or Flight
Epinephrine Rush

45. Hormone Facts Makes & releases between 50-100 different hormones
Every hormone has an important function for the body
Most glands make & release different hormones
Each function of the body is controlled by more than one hormone
Hormones work together to cause changes in the body

46. Gland A tissue or group of tissues that makes and releases chemicals
Endocrine Glands make hormones*
Specific Endocrine Glands
Hormones released into blood
Control certain body functions

47. Types of Glands Thyroid Gland Adrenal Gland Pancreas Ovaries Testes
Thymus Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Pituitary Gland

48. Thyroid Gland Controls the rate at which your body uses energy
Located in the neck area

49. Adrenal Glands Helps the body respond to stress or danger
Located above kidneys

50. Pancreas
Regulates blood sugar levels
Located on the bend of stomach

51. Ovaries Females Only Produce hormones involved in reproductions
Estrogen & progesterone

52. Testes
Males Only
Produce hormones in reproduction
Testosterone

53. Thymus Gland
Regulates the immune system, which helps body fight disease
Located between Lungs

54. Parathyroid Gland Regulates the calcium level in the blood
Located behind thyroid

55. Pituitary Gland Secretes hormones that affect other glands & organs
Located in the Brain

56. Types of Hormones Thyroxine Testosterone Estrogen Progesterone Insulin
Human Growth Hormone
Epinephrine & Norephinephrine

57. Thyroxine Thyroid Stimulates body metabolism
Regulates body growth & development

58. Testosterone Testes Stimulates secondary sex characteristics in males
Stimulates sperm production

59. Estrogen
Ovary
Stimulates secondary sex characteristics in females

60. Progesterone Ovary Allows the uterus to prepare for pregnancy
Regulates menstrual cycle

61. Insulin
Pancreas
Regulates the amount of sugar in blood

62. Human Growth Hormone
Pituitary Gland
Stimulates body growth

63. Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Adrenal
Stimulate the body systems and metabolism in emergencies & during stress

64. HORMONE & BONE GROWTH ACTIVITY

65. Common Problems of the Endocrine System
Too much / Too little of a hormone
Interfere with
Normal Structure
Function of the Body
Endocrine System Problems
Type II Diabetes
Gigantism
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism

66. Type II Diabetes High level of sugar in the blood
Body does not produce enough insulin
Body’s cells do not
Treatment
Diet & Exercise
Insulin Injection
Pills

67. Gigantism Individual has a very large body size
Excess production of human growth hormone by pituitary gland
Treatment
Medication

68. Hyperthyroidism Produces too much of the thyroid hormone
Body Systems become too active
Lead to rapid & unhealthy weight loss and other problems
Treatment
Medications
Radiation
Surgery

69. Hypothyroidism Produces too little of the thyroid hormone
Body system slow down
Can lead to rapid and unhealthy weight gain
Treatment:
Medication that replace missing hormones

70. BELLRINGER: HOW MANY BONES & MUSCLES ARE IN THE HUMAN BODY?

71. Skeletal System
Bone
Is a living organ made of bone cells, connective tissues, and minerals
Bone, Cartilage, & special structures make up the system

72. Skeleton Body’s framework Support the Body Protect organs
Store Minerals
Work with your muscles to move

73. HEALTHY VS UNHEALTHY BONES

74. 2 Types of Bone Tissue Compact Bone Spongy Bone
Is dense bone tissue found outside of all bones
Spongy Bone
Many air spaces
Lighter & less dense than compact bone and found inside most bones

75. Compact & Spongy Bone

76. Cartilage & Marrow Cartilage Marrow 2 Types
Ends of many bones which are covered by a soft, flexible tissue
Marrow
Soft tissue inside bones
2 Types
Red Marrow – makes red & white blood cells
Yellow Marrow – stores fat

78. Joints Place in the body where 2 or more bones connect Allow movement
When muscles attached to the bone contract
Classified by how bones move
Fixed Joints
Joints allow little or no movement
Ligaments
Flexible bands of connective tissue

79. JOINT ACTIVITY

81. Skeletal / Joint Problems
Break
Dislocate
Stretch or torn
Aging / poor diet
Osteoporosis
Fracture
Osteomyelitis
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rickets
Scoliosis
Sprain

82. Osteoporosis Density of bone decreases Bones are weak
More likely to break
Treatment
Exercise
Calcium / Vitamin D
Medications

83. Fracture Break in a bone Caused by accident or injury Treatment Cast
Surgery

84. Osteomyelitis Bacterial infection of the bone and marrow Treatment:
Antibiotics
Surgery
Prevention:
Clean deep wounds / cuts

85. Arthritis
Joint inflammations
Treatment :
Physical Therapy
Medications

86. Osteoarthritis Caused by aging Joints are stiff & painful Treatment:
Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Physical Therapy
Surgery

87. Rickets Children Causes the body to have difficulty absorbing calcium
Bones soften
Caused by lack of vitamin D
Treatment:
Medication with vitamin D

88. Scoliosis Curvature of the spine Uneven growth of the body Treatment:
Exercise
Brace
Surgery

89. Sprain
Injury to ligaments at a joint
Treatment:
Rest
Ice
Cast

90. Types of Muscle Muscle Types of Muscle
Any tissue that is made up of cells or fibers that contract & expand to cause movement
Types of Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle

91. Smooth Muscle Move materials such as food through internal organs
Makes up internal organs
Stomach
Intestines

92. Cardiac Muscle
Found in the heart
Blood is pushed through the body

93. Skeletal Muscle Muscle attached to bones
Attached to bones by connective tissue
Tendons
Pull onto the bones they are attached to
causes body to move
Release energy
Maintains body temperature

94. Muscular System
The muscles that move your body

95. How muscles Move Skeletal muscles work together Movement
Make your Body move
Movement
Result of muscles pulling on bones

96. Muscle Contraction- Flex
Gets shorter
ONLY pull bones closer together
Flex
Bend
Example : Bicep
Pulls the bones of the forearm toward shoulder

97. Muscle Contraction – Extend
Example : Triceps
Pulls the bones of the forearms away from the biceps

99. Muscular System Problems
Tired & Sore
Strained & Torn
Warm up, cool down, stretch
Problems:
Muscular Dystrophy
Inguinal Hernia
Muscle Cramp
Strain
Tendinitis
Shin Splints

100. Muscular Dystrophy Genetic Diseases
Causes muscle weakness
Destruction of skeletal muscle tissue
Treatment:
No Cure
Physical Therapy
Surgery

101. Inguinal Hernia Intestine bulges through abdominal muscles Causes
Caused:
Lifting heavy objects
Improper lifting
Treatment:
Surgery

102. Muscle Cramp Sudden & painful contraction of a muscle Night
After Exercise
No Treatment

103. Strain Overstretching Tearing of a muscle due to overuse / misuse
Treatment :
Rest
Ice
Wrapping Injury

104. Tendinitis Inflammation of a tendon Treatment Aging Excessive Exercise
Rest
Hot or Cold compresses
Ant – inflammatory medications

105. Shin Splints Pain in the shin caused by damage
Irritation to the muscles in the front of the leg
Treatment:
Rest
Ice
Pain Medication

106. Exercise Circuit Activity

107. BELLRINGER: NAME DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS THAT OCCUR WHEN YOU HAVE PROBLEMS DIGESTING YOUR FOOD.

108. Digestion
Digestion
Process by which your body breaks down food you eat

109. Digestive System
Group of organs and glands that work together to physically & chemically break down, or digest food
Mouth
Stomach
Small Intestine
After Digestion
Food is absorbed in the blood

110. Nutrients
Substances in foods that your body needs to function properly
Produce Energy
Growth
Maintenance
Repair

111. Journey of Food- Mouth Mouth Chewing Saliva Food particles are smaller
Makes digestion easier
Saliva
Moistens food
Makes it easier to follow

112. Journey of Food – Throat
Pushed by your tongue
Throat
Pharynx
Esophagus to Stomach

113. Journey of Food – Stomach
Food Particles
Mixed with acidic juices
Stomach churns
Mixes food & juices
Stays in stomach for a few hours
Travels to large intestine

114. Journey of Food – Small Intestine
Most chemical digestion happens
Food moves by contractions
Smooth muscle of small intestine
Contractions
Push food through the organ
Liver, gall bladder, pancreas
Release chemicals into the small intestine
Leaves small intestine to large intestine

115. Journey of Food – Large Intestine
No digestion happens
Mostly waste products
Pushed out
Takes about 24 hours

116. Body Absorbs Nutrients
Absorbed in bloodstream
Alcohol, simple sugars, & simple salts
Absorbed in stomach
Small Intestine
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats
Absorbed in small intestine

117. Villi
Inner wall of the small intestine covered in fingerlike projections
Increase the surface of the intestinal wall
Nutrients
Pass easily from the small intestine to the blood
Large intestine
Water
Simple Salts

118. Common Digestive Problems
Improper Chewing
Too much Acid
Problems:
Indigestion
Heartburn
Diarrhea
Constipation
Ulcers
Appendicitis
Hemorrhoids
Stomach & Colon Cancer

119. Indigestion Pain / discomfort in stomach Treatment: Antacids
Medication

120. Heartburn Burning feeling in the esophagus Treatment:
Backflow of acidic stomach contents
Treatment:
Antacids
Medication

121. Diaherrea Increase amount & number of times a person passes waste
Treatment:
Medication

122. Constipation Passing solid waste is difficult & infrequent Treatment:
Medication
Fluids

123. Ulcers
Round, open sore in the lining of stomach or small intestine caused by bacteria
Treatment:
Avoiding certain foods
Antacids
Antibiotics

124. Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix Treatment:
Releases harmful bacteria into the abdomen
Treatment:
Surgical removal of the appendix

125. Hemorrhoids Swollen tissues of the rectum and anus Treatment:
Contain blood vessels that may bleed
Treatment:
Usually does not require treatment
May require surgery

126. Stomach & Colon Cancer
Tumor in the stomach, colon, rectum of large intestine
Age
Diet
Treatment:
Surgical removal of the affected organ
Chemotherapy
Radiation

127. TRAVEL BROCHURE

128. Excretion Removal of liquid wastes from the body
3 Body Systems Involved:
Skin & Water
Releases products
Sweating
Lungs
Get rid of Carbon Dioxide
Urinary System
Removes waste products from blood

129. Urinary System
Group of organs that work together to remove liquid wastes from the blood
Carries waste from cells to kidneys
Kidneys
Clean the blood of liquid waste
Ureters
Waste passed from kidneys to tube like structures

130. Urinary System Bladder Urethra Urination
Muscular, baglike organ that stores this liquid waste until it can be released from the body
Urethra
When bladder is full, waste leaves the body through a single tube like structure
Urination
Release of the waste

131. Filtering Blood Kidneys Blood Contains Kidney Removes clean you blood
Regulate amount of water in body
Blood Contains
Nutrients, gases, water, & waste
Kidney Removes
Waste & excess water from the blood

132. Kidneys Nephrons Filtration Urine
Remove harmful products from your blood
Filtration
A process where nephrons remove the wastes from the blood
Urine
Liquid waste

133. Common Problems of the Urinary System
Waste products can build up in the blood
Lifetime threatening conditions
Uncomfortable or painful
Problems:
Urinary Tract Infection
Stones
Urinary Incontinence
Overactive or Neurogenic Bladder

134. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Infection of one or more of the organs of the urinary system
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
More common in women
Treatment:
Antibiotics
Antiviral drugs

135. Stones
Crystallized mineral chunks that frequently from in the kidneys and bladder
Small stones leave body with urine
Larger stones may be trapped
Treatment:
Medications
Ultrasound waves
Surgery

136. Urinary Incontinence Uncontrollable loss of urine from the bladder
Inability to control urination
Aging
Treatment:
Medication
Surgery

137. Overactive / Neurogenic Bladder
Inability to control urination
Damage to nerves that go to the urinary bladder
Treatment:
Medications
Surgery
Catheter

138. BELLIRINGER: WHY DO YOU THINK PEOPLE ASSOCIATE LOVE WITH THE HEART?

139. Circulatory System Made up of three parts Functions Clean blood
Help regulate the amount of waster in your body
Functions
Transport nutrients and gases to a different parts of the body where they can be used by the cells
Take waste materials from the cells to kidneys, lungs, and skin, where wastes can be removed

140. Heart

141. Blood
5 liters
Tissue that is made of liquid, cell parts, and 2 types of cells
Liquids & solids
Components:
Plasma
Platelets
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells

142. BLOOD VISUAL

143. Plasma 55% of blood 90% of plasma is water Fluid
Carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products from one part of the body to another

144. Platelets Solids 45% of blood Carried by plasma
Cell fragments that help repair blood vessels and form blood clots
Made in bone marrow
Clump together in the damaged area of body
Forms blood clots & stops you from bleeding

145. Red Blood Cells ( RBCs) Most numerous blood cells
Transport oxygen & carbon dioxide through the body
Hemoglobin
Protein
Oxygen & carbon dioxide attach
Carries gases through the body

146. White Blood Cells ( WBCs)
Large cells that help you stay healthy by fighting infection and protecting the body from foreign particles

148. Supply Lines Arteries Veins Capillaries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels of the body that link the arteries and veins
Nutrients, carbon dioxide, and waste products enter and leave the blood stream

149. Common Circulatory Problems
Cells do not get oxygen & nutrients
They will die
Wastes are removed from cells
Problems:
Hypertension
Heart Attack
Anemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
Leukemia
Hemophilia

150. Hypertension Abnormally high blood pressure
Increase the chance of stroke/ heart attack
Treatment:
Losing Weight
Eating healthy
Not Smoking
Medication

151. Heart Attack Blood supply to the heart is reduced or stopped Treatment
Injures heart
Treatment
Medical emergency
Medical professional

152. Anemia
Number of blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin is below normal
Treatment:
Treated with vitamin B 12
Iron supplements
Medications

153. Sickle Cell Anemia Blood cells are sickle cell shaped
Contain an abnormal type of hemoglobin
Genetic
Treatment:
Cannot be cured
Hospitalization at times

154. Leukemia
Cancer of the tissues of the body that produce white blood cells
Treatment:
Chemotherapy

155. Hemophilia Genetic disorder Blood does not clot Clots very slowly
Treatment:
Blood transfusions
Avoiding situations that may cause bleeding

156. Respiratory System
Body system that brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide from the body
Gases forced in & out of the lungs through breathing

157. Respiratory system Nose & Mouth Pharynx ( throat) Voice Box ( Larynx)
Windpipe ( trachea )
Bronchi
Allows air to enter lungs

158. Lungs
Large sponge like organs in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are passed between the blood and environment

159. How you Breathe Diaphragm Contract Relax
Movement of air in & out of the lungs
Dome shaped muscle beneath the lungs
Contract
Air enters lungs
Relax
Air leaves lungs

160. LUNG MODEL

161. Alveoli
Gases move between the blood and tiny air sacs

162. Common Respiratory problems
Air may contain harmful materials Avoid smoking tobacco & using drugs Problems: Tuberculosis Pneumonia Asthma Emphysema Lung Cancer

163. Tuberculosis Contagious infection that infects the lungs
Chest pain
Difficulty breathing
Bacteria in the air
Treated with antibiotics

164. Pneumonia Inflammation of the lungs Treatment:
Alveoli become filled with thick fluid
Treatment:
Rest
Fluids
Antibiotics

165. Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi Treatment: Includes cough Rest
Aspirin
Cough medicine
Antibiotics

166. Asthma Allergic response in which airways fill with mucus Triggers
Pollen
Dust
Smoke
Cold air
Stress
Strenuous exercise
Treatment
Drugs

167. Emphysema Condition in which the alveoli in the lungs break Treatment
Difficulty breathing
Treatment
Can’t be cured
Medication

168. Lung Cancer Cancer destroys lung tissue Most common type of cancer
Men & Women
Treatment
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy

169. BELLRINGER: MAKE A LIST OF HABITS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GOOD HEALTH AND BAD HEALTH

170. WANTED: BODY ORGANS ADVERTISEMENT