1. Relationships in Ecosystems
Chapter 1 Lesson 2

2. GLE 0507.2.1: Investigate different nutritional relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.
GLE : Explain how organisms interact through symbiotic, commensal, and parasitic relationships.

3. How do organisms depend on one another for energy?

4. Imagine you are on a hike in TN
Imagine you are on a hike in TN. Name all of the biotic (living) factors you see.

5. Now,name all of the abiotic (nonliving) factors you see.

6. What is an ecosystem? Biotic factors are living things.
List 4 biotic factors in this picture.
Abiotic factors are nonliving things.
List 4 abiotic factors found in this picture.

7. What is an ecosystem?
Together the biotic and abiotic factors make up the forest ecosystem.
An ecosystem includes all of the living and the nonliving things in an environment.

8. What is an ecosystem?
The organisms in an ecosystem can be sorted into different populations.
A population includes all members of a single species in an area at a given time.
For example: In this picture, you see a population of ___________. You also see a population of _____________.

9. Name the populations you can see in this ecosystem.

10. What is an ecosystem?
Together the many different populations make up a community.
A community includes all the living things (or populations) in an ecosystem.
A community not only includes all of the plants and animals living there, but also bacteria, protists, and fungi.

11. What is an ecosystem? An ecosystem can be local or widespread.
It can be as large as an entire forest.
Or one fallen log in the middle of a forest can make up an ecosystem.

12. Listening Quiz Which of the following is NOT a biotic factor? Rock
Deer
Oak tree
Fly

13. Listening Quiz 2. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
Rock
Deer
Water
Oxygen

14. Listening Quiz 3. Wildflowers are _____________ factors. Biotic
Abiotic

15. Listening Quiz
4. All of the living and nonliving things in an environment make up a(n) __________________.
Biotic
Abiotic
Ecosystem
Population

16. Listening Quiz
5. All of the living and nonliving things in an environment make up a(n) __________________.
Biotic
Abiotic
Ecosystem
Population

17. Listening Quiz
6. All of the members of one species living in an environment make up a(n) __________________.
Community
Abiotic
Ecosystem
Population

18. Listening Quiz
7. All of the living things in an ecosystem make up a(n) __________________.
Community
Abiotic
Ecosystem
Population

19. Listening Quiz
8. All of the blue spruce trees in a forest form a _______________.
Community
Population
Ecosystem
Abiotic factor

20. Listening Quiz
9. A _____________ might include deer, squirrels, pine trees, ferns, and grass.
Community
Population
Ecosystem
Abiotic factor

21. Listening Quiz 10. Mushrooms are a(n) __________ factor. Biotic
Ecosystem
Population
Abiotic

22. Project:
On your own paper, design a diorama for one of the following biomes: deciduous forest, grassland, tundra, taiga, tropical rain forest.
Include:
at least five populations
4 abiotic factors
5 biotic factors
Refer to the rubric your teacher gives you to make sure you include all necessary items.

23. How are food chains alike?
The path that energy and nutrients follow in an ecosystem is called a food chain.
A food chain is a model of the food relationships that exist between organisms.

24. How are food chains alike?
The arrows represent the flow of energy from one organism to another.
The arrows point to the belly organism that is doing the eating.
The caterpillar eats the flower.
The frog eats the caterpillar.
The snake eats the frog.
The owl eats the snake.

25. How are food chains alike?
All energy in a food chain comes from the sun.
Producers are at the beginning of all food chains.
A producer is an organism that uses the sun’s energy to make its own food in the form of sugar or starch.

26. PRODUCER L A N T S
Click to View: Photosynthesis Animation
7 minutes

27. How are food chains alike?
We can think of producers as plants. Algae is another example.
Producers use energy from the sun, along with water and carbon dioxide to make sugar molecules.
These sugar molecules are the original source of food for consumers.

28. How are food chains alike?
A consumer is any animal that eats (or consumes) plants or other animals.
Animals that eat only producers (plants) are called herbivores.
Examples: squirrels, some birds, grazing animals
Animals that eat other animals rather than producers are called carnivores.
Examples: bobcats, hawks

29. How are food chains alike?
Animals that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores.
Examples of omnivores are raccoons, mice, and some crabs.
Dead or decaying animals are broken down by decomposers.
Examples: bacteria, fungi, termites, and many worms

30. How are food chains alike?
Consumers that eat the left over bodies of animals that have started to rot are called scavengers.
Examples: vultures, eagles, raccoons

31. Listening Guide Where does the energy in a food chain come from? Sun
Grass
Deer
Wolf

32. Listening Guide 2. Which of the following is a producer? Sun Grass
Deer
Wolf

33. Listening Guide 3. Which of the following is a consumer? Sun Grass
Deer

34. Listening Guide 4. Which of the following is a consumer? Sun Wolf
Grass

35. Listening Guide 5. Which of the following is a herbivore? Sun Wolf
Grass
Deer

36. Listening Guide 6. Which of the following is a carnivore? Sun Wolf
Grass
Deer

37. Listening Guide 7. Which of the following is a decomposer? tiger bear
mushroom
tree

38. Listening Guide 8. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
soil
air
mushroom
sun

39. Listening Guide 9. Which of the following is NOT an biotic factor?
worm
rain
grass
deer

40. Listening Guide 10. Which of the following is a scavenger? lion tiger
vulture
bear

41. What are food webs made of?
In most food chains, a single organism is not eaten by only one consumer.
For Example: The insects in the food web can be eaten by either the frogs or the birds.
This makes the insects part of two food chains.

42. What are food webs made of?
A food web is a network of food chains that have some links in common.
Food webs are just several food chains put together.

43. What are food webs made of?
The arrows represent the flow of energy from one organism to another.
The arrows point to the belly of the organism doing the eating!
Both the owl AND the snake eat the frog.
The fox eats mice, squirrels, and rabbits.

44. What are food webs made of?
The hawk in the food web hunts for food.
This makes the hawk a predator.
Predators are animals that hunt other animals for food.
Animals that are hunted for food are called prey.
The snake and the fish are examples of prey.

45. What are food webs made of?
Predators are important in a food web.
They limit the size of prey populations.
When the number of prey animals are reduced, producers and other resources in an ecosystem are less likely to run out.

46. Listening Guide
A network of food chains that share some links is called a ___________.
Predator
Prey
Producer
Food web

47. Listening Guide
2. Organisms that get eaten by other animals are called ____________
Predator
Prey
Producer
Food web

48. Listening Guide
3. Organisms that hunt other animals to eat them are called ____________.
Predator
Prey
Producer
Food web

49. Listening Guide
4. Animals that eat decaying or rotting animals are called ___________.
Predator
Decomposers
Scavengers
Food web

50. Listening Guide
5. The arrows on a food web represent the flow of __________ from one organism to another.
Herbivore
Decomposers
Scavengers
energy

51. Listening Guide
6. The arrow always points to the _______ of the organism doing the ________.
Belly - producing
Belly – hiding
Belly - decomposing
Belly - eating

52. Listening Guide
7. If prey populations get too large, _________ might run out.
Producers and consumers
Producers and resources
Water
Energy

53. Listening Guide
8. At the base of each food chain are _____ that use the Sun’s energy to make sugar and oxygen.
Consumers
Producers
Predators
Herbivores

54. Listening Guide
9. The original source of food for ________, or any animal that eats plants or other animals, is sugar molecules.
Herbivores
Producers
Predators
Consumers

55. Listening Guide
10. All the members of the same species living in an ecosystem are called a ____________ .
Producer
Population
Predator
Consumer

56. What are symbiotic relationships?
Living things interact with each other in many different ways.
Sometimes one organism hunts another. (predators–prey)

57. What are symbiotic relationships?
Relationships such as predators and prey are examples of interdependence.
Interdependence is the reliance of certain organisms on other organisms for their survival.

58. What are symbiotic relationships?
A relationship between two organisms that lasts over a period of time is called symbiosis.
Joshua (Yucca) Tree and the Yucca Moth

59. What are symbiotic relationships?
A symbiotic relationship that benefits both organisms is called mutualism.
Examples:
yucca tree and the yucca moth
ants and the acacia tree

60. What are symbiotic relationships?
Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship that benefits one organism without harming the other.
Examples:
ray and remoras
orchids and rain forest trees
Clownfish and anemones

61. What are symbiotic relationships?
A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed is called parasitism.
Examples:
Tapeworms
Ticks
Lamprey
lamprey
tapeworm
tick