1. Created by: Sarina Hanifah (0905632)
ORGANIC COMPOUND
Hydrocarbon:
Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne
Created by: Sarina Hanifah ( )

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12. I N T R O

13. Hi guyysss, my name is Dora
Hi guyysss, my name is Dora. Today, i’ll be your guide to know more about hydrocarbon, from the definition till the function in our daily life. Oh ya, don’t need to be hesitate to ask your teacher if you find something you can’t understand 

14. Why we have to learn about organic compounds??

15. Cause every time we use organic compound especially what we are eating , what we wear, what we polish, and many others like what we use when travelling either by bus, train, aeroplane and ships.

16. Did you know. the cake that i’ve eaten is made of organic compound
Did you know? the cake that i’ve eaten is made of organic compound. It’s called wheat. It contains lots of energy’s source from organic compound!! Amazing, right?

17. What is hydrocarbon??

18. Hydrocarbons is organic compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbons.

19. Water forms droplets on a thin film of alkane wax on the skin of the apple.

20. Biogas, which can come from animal manure is mostly composed of the alkane called methane.

21. Solid long-chain alkanes form a firm layer of wax called the cuticle, over areas of the plant exposed to the air

22. Petroleum Jelly is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25)

23. Liquefied Petroleum Gas is composed mainly of propane and butane.

24. Gas Lighters use butane

25. Aerosol Sprays use propane and butane as propellants

26. A T T E R M

27. Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne

28. MIND MAP

29. Large family of organic compounds Composed of only carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Large family of organic compounds
Composed of only carbon and hydrogen
Saturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Alkenes, Alkynes
C - C
C = C
C C

30. Alkane

31. Definition of Alkane CnH2n+2
Alkane is saturated hydrocarbon which has a covalent bond between the C atom (C-C). As a saturated hydrocarbon, alkane has maximum amount of hydrogen.
The general formula of alkane is:
CnH2n+2

32. Video

33. Naming of Alkane

34. Line-angle Formula
Propane
CH3-CH2-CH3
Butane
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Pentane
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

35. STEP 1 Longest chain is butane. STEP 2 Number chain. CH3
Give the name of: CH3 
CH3─CH─CH2─CH3
STEP Longest chain is butane.
STEP Number chain. CH3 |
Note : When you give the number of the chain, please give the number starting with the chain that has the lowest number of substituent.
STEP 3 Locate substituents and name.
2-Methylbutane

36. Naming Substituents
In the IUPAC system:
Removing a H from an alkane is called alkyl group.
-ane yl
-OH Hydroxyl
-NO2 Nitro

37. Physical properties of alkane
Non polar
Insoluble in water.
Lower density than water.
Low boiling and melting points.
Gases with 1-4 carbon atoms.
(methane, propane, butane)
Liquids with 5-17 carbon atoms.
(kerosene, diesel, and jet fuels)
Solids with 18 or more carbon atoms.

38. Chemical reactions of Alkanes
1- Combustion:
Alkanes react with oxygen.
CO2, H2O, and energy are produced.
Alkane + O CO2 + H2O + heat
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O + energy (perfect combustion)
CH4 + 3/2 O CO2 + 2H2O + energy (imperfect combustion)

39. Chemical reactions of Alkanes
2- Halogenation:
Alkanes react with Halogens.
CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
Chloromethane
Heat or light
Dichloromethane
CH3Cl+ Cl2 CH2Cl2 + HCl
Heat or light
CH2Cl2+ Cl2 CHCl3 + HCl
Trichloromethane
Heat or light

40. Constitutional Isomers Have the same molecular formula.
Have different atom arrangements (different structural formula).
CH3CH2CH2CH3
Butane
C4H10
CH3
2-Methylpropane
C4H10
CH3CHCH3

41. Sources of Alkanes
Natural gas
90 to 95 percent methane.
5 to 10 percent ethane, and
a mixture of other low-boiling alkanes, chiefly propane, butane, and 2-methylpropane.
Petroleum
A thick liquid mixture of thousands of compounds, most of them hydrocarbons, formed from the decomposition of marine plants and animals.

43. The gasoline that composed of liquid alkane which has high volatility
Uses of Alkane
The gasoline that composed of liquid alkane which has high volatility

44. Alkene and Alkyne

45. Definition of Alkene CnH2n
Alkene is unsaturated hydrocarbon because the amount of atom H isn’t reach the maximum value. Alkene has two covalents bond between the C atom (C=C)
The general formula of alkene is:
CnH2n

46. Definition of Alkyne CnH2n-2
Alkyne is unsaturated hydrocarbon because the amount of atom H isn’t reach the maximum value. Alkyne has three covalents bond between the C atom (C=C)
The general formula of alkyne is:
CnH2n-2

47. Give the location
for double and
triple bond

48. Naming Alkenes & Alkynes
Using the IUPAC alkane names:
Alkene names change the end to -ene.
Alkyne names change the end to -yne

49. Note: Give the lowest chain number to the chain that has the nearest location to the double bond (alkene) or triple bond (alkyne)

50. Naming Alkenes & Alkynes
CH2= CH ─ CH2─ CH3 1-Butene
CH3─ CH=CH─ CH3 2-Butene
CH3 |
CH3─ CH=C─CH3 2-Methyl-2-butene 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4 3 2 1

51. Naming Alkenes & Alkynes
CH3─ CH2─ CC ─ CH Pentyne
CH3
CH3─ CH2─ C=CH ─ CH3 3-Methyl-2 pentyne 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1

52. Cis & Trans StereoisomersH H H
CH3
C = C
C = C
H3C
CH3
H3C H
C4H8
C4H8
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
The same molecular formula and the same connectivity of their atoms
but a different arrangement of their atoms in space.

53. Physical Properties of Alkene & alkyne
Non polar
Insoluble in water
Lower density than water

54. Chemical Reaction of Alkene
Halogenation
CH2=CH2 + Cl2  CH2Cl – CH2Cl
ethene (1,2 dichloroethana)
2. Hydrogenation
CH2=CH2 + H2  CH3 – CH3
ethene ethana

55. Chemical Reaction of Alkene
3. Combustion CH2=CH2(g) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) 4. Hydration CH2=CH2(g) + H2O(l)  CH3-CH2-OH(l) ethene ethanol

56. Chemical Reaction of Alkyne
Polymerisation addition
CH=CH + CH=CH  CH=C-CH=CH2
ethyne ethyne vynil ethyne
2. Substitution
2CH=CH + Na  2CH=CNa + H2

57. Chemical Reaction of Alkyne
3. Combustion 2CH=CH(g) + 5O2(g)  4CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g)

58. Uses of Alkene
Ethene is basic substance of PVC industry. PVC is used for making water pipe, and rain coat.

59. Uses of Alkene
Ethene react with benzene to form polystirene. Polystirene is used as a basic substance of plastic such as plastic spoon, pipe, etc.

60. Uses of alkyne
Alkyne is used as a basic substance of another organic compound such as ethanal, ethanoic acid, vynil chloride, etc.

61. C L O S I N G

62. What do you think about hydrocarbon
What do you think about hydrocarbon? There are so much influences in our daily life, right? But, did you know, if we use the hydrocarbon more than we need, it’ll contaminate our world. How it can be like that?

63. Did You Know?
Too much CO2 cause of combustion of hydrocarbon in the atmosphere will causing the greenhouse effect. As a result, the temperature will be higher than usual.

64. Did You Know?
Most of plastic are hard to be broken, it needs long time to be recycled. So if we can’t control the uses of plastic, it’ll become the dangerous waste.

65. Guys, as you know the disadvantages of hydrocarbon, please control the uses of hydrocarbon compound such as reducing the uses of the vehicle that use gasoline as a fuel or you can reuse the plastic as like as you want. So we have a better place to live in, Because this world is ours. 