1. Muscular System Quiz (This is an incomplete study guide
Muscular System Quiz (This is an incomplete study guide. Also review your notes, labs and the power points found on-line.

2. Learning Target: Compare skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle cells and tissue. (knowledge)

3. Muscle Cells… Type Striations? Shape Nuclei Contractions Function
Smooth No
Pointed on both ends 1
Involuntary, slow
contractions push materials through hollow organs
Cardiac
Yes
Irregular
1-2
Involuntary, rhythmic
Contraction of heart
Skeletal
Cylindrical
Many
Voluntary, quick, forceful
Facial expression, movement of skeletal structures

4. Identifying Types of Muscle Tissue
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

5. Match Types of Tissues With Their Functions
Transmits impulses and messages
Allows heart to pump blood
Allows internal organs and arteries to contract
Allows for movement of bones at joints
Supplies nutrients and removes wastes
Separates, covers and holds muscles in place
____ Nervous Tissue
____ Skeletal Muscle Tissue
____ Blood
____ Smooth Muscle Tissue
____ Connective Tissue
____ Cardiac Muscle Tissue A D E C F B

6. Learning Target: Identify the major parts of skeletal muscle fiber and the function of each part. (knowledge)

7. Skeletal Muscle Structure…

8. Label a Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Actin Filament
Myofibril
Myosin Filament
Sarcomere
Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

9. Learning Target: Investigate the relationship between bones, tendons, and muscles in producing body movements. (reasoning)

10. Tendons
T/B Tendons attach muscle to muscle.
bone

11. Learning Target: Define the terms action, origin, and insertion
Learning Target: Define the terms action, origin, and insertion. (knowledge)

12. Fill in the Blank
The location where the muscle is attached to the relatively immovable end of the bone is called the ______. The _________ is the end of the muscle that is attached to the ________ bone.
immovable
insertion
movable
origin

13. Truth or Bologna
T/B Muscles have to work in pairs so that a muscle doesn’t get stuck in a certain position. T/B A ligament attaches muscle to muscle.
bone to bone

14. Learning Target: State the source of energy, cause, steps and final result of a muscle fiber contraction. (knowledge)

15. Muscle Contractions True
T/B Muscle contractions occur when a nerve impulse releases acetylcholine into muscle fibers. What is the energy source for a muscle contraction? a. ADP b. ATP c. calcium
True

16. Sliding Filament Theory
Which state does this picture represent?
Resting

17. Step 1: Action potential
A nerve action potential releases acetylcholine/ADP into the synaptic cleft opening the Na+ channels.
Action potential spreads across synaptic cleft/sarcolemma releasing CA into the sarcoplasma.
Step 2: Myosin-actin binding
Ca/Na+ binds to troponin
A shape change in troponin moves tropomyocin out of the way of myosin/actin binding site
Actin and myosin bind using energy from cleaved ADP/ATP

18. Step 4: ATP binding and actin-myosin release
Step 3: Power Stroke
Side arms pivot so myosin and actin slide by each other shortening the __________
____ and P released (low energy)
Step 4: ATP binding and actin-myosin release
A different ____ molecule binds to the active site
_______ released
ADP
actin
sarcomere
ATP

19. What step does this picture represent?
Step 5: ATP cleavage
1. Return to high energy state
2. Cycle will repeat if calcium is still available

20. What 3 physical changes take place when a skeletal muscle contracts. A
What 3 physical changes take place when a skeletal muscle contracts? A. becomes harder B. gets shorter C. diameter increases D. diameter decreases

21. Muscle Cramps
T/B When calcium is not available the muscle stays contracted which causes a muscle cramp.
Bologna – when ATP isn’t available
the muscle cramps

22. Rigor Mortis
T/B Rigor mortis is a stiffening of the body because of continuous muscle contraction after death.
True
Why does rigor mortis occur?
a. lack of ATP production
b. high supply of Ca ions
c. low supply of Ca ions
d. a & b

23. Learning Target: Interpret data from an electromyogram. (skill)

24. What is an EMG? An EMG is a graphical recording of muscle activity/electrical activity within muscles.

25. Interpret an EMG graph 1 2 3 1
At which point is the muscle undergoing the greatest strength of contraction?

26. Learning Target: Explain the effects of fatigue on muscle action
Learning Target: Explain the effects of fatigue on muscle action. (skill)

27. Truth or Bologna
Katie ran a half marathon. When she finished she could barley walk. T/B Katie could barley walk because her muscle cells were low on ATP, which is also known as fatigue.

28. Does this graph represents muscle fatigue?
NOPE

29. Sue- Her score is excellent. Todd’s score is good.
Learning Target: Investigate the effect of exercise on grip strength. (skill)
The following are national grip strength norms for 16 to 19 year olds.
Gender Excellent Good Average Fair Poor
Male > <39
Female > <19
Who has a grip strength that is excellent?
Todd- 52
Sue- 37
Sue- Her score is excellent.
Todd’s score is good.

30. GOOD LUCK!