1. White Oleander Ingrid and Astrid Angie Hristopoulos and Vanessa Hills
Henry A. Murray
White Oleander
Ingrid and Astrid
Angie Hristopoulos and Vanessa Hills

2. Biography of Murray Born in 1893 Well-to-do parents
average privileged American boy
developed a meaningless relationship with mother – she favoured his siblings – emotionally bland, prim and proper socialite who rarely showed affection or concern for him (middle child)
Stuttered most his life, lost it later in life – never prevented Murray from prestigious appointments
Father – a nice guy – disappointment: not bright, not self-sufficient, lacked ambition, predictable – Opposite of his father
Erik Erikson – Murrays former research associate
Was in 2 romantic relationships
When Hitler came into power they asked Murray to analyze him.
Murray came to the conclusion that Hitler would chose suicide and that Hitler participated in homosexual relationships and activities

3. Main Concepts of Murray
Needs: “ a physiochemical force in the brain that organizes perception, intellection, and action in such a way as to transform an unsatisfying situation into a more satisfying one” Allen, (2006)
Equivalent to a drive
He based his needs off other theorists like Jung, Maslow, and Horney. A need in the eyes of Maslow is like a drive, a motivator that is in someone's personality which makes them do certain things.

4. Types of Needs Viscerogenic Needs Basic biological drives
Form the foundation for the psychogenic needs
Psychogenic Needs
secondary to biological needs
Fall under levels of a higher order factors represented by Vectors (forces with directional properties)
Everyone has Viscerogenic Needs. Like Maslow Hierarchy of Needs, This is like his basic needs - it is what people need to move onto a next stage. For instance, the need for water, food, and even sex.
The Psychogenic needs are more personal, unconscious needs which shape peoples personalities. For instance the need for affiliation, to be loved, to kill.

5. Vectors Adience Vector Positive needs
Movement towards objects and people
Abience Vector
Negative needs
Movement away from objects and people
Within Murrays 2 types of needs (psychgenic and viscerogenic needs) there are 2 categories which distinguish needs from one an other. Adience Vectors are positive needs – needs that attract someone to something. It may not always be a good thing but its the fact that they are attracted towards that certain object
Abience Vectors are the opposite, where they are negative and they move people away from objects and people. For example the need to be indepenedent.

6. Adience Vectors (positive needs)
Psychogenic Needs
Viscerogenic Needs
n Achievement
n Affililiation
n Succorance
n Order
n Dominance
n Exhibion
n Aggression
n Abasement
n Inspiration
n Water
n Food
n Sentience
n Sex
n Lactation
Here are some examples of Adience vectors (needs which move people toward a person or object). We will go over some of these needs as we talk about our character, and explain how they are demonstrated and even how they affect the personality of the person.

7. Abience Vectors (negative needs)
Psychogenic Needs
Viscerogenic Needs
n Autonomy
n Invioloacy
n Blamavoidance
n Infavoidance
n Contrarience
n Expiration
n Urination
n Defecation
n Noxavoidance
n Heatavoidance
n Coldavoidance
n Harmavoidance
Here are some examples of Abience Vectors which are negative and make people move away from people. We will once again explain some of these needs when talking about our characters.

8.
About a mother and daughter who are torn away from eachother when Ingrid (mother) murders her boyfriend and sent to jail
Ingrids 15 year old daughter, Astrid, is then sent to foster home after foster home where she encounters new challenges, surprises and tries to find her own identity.

9. Ingrid Astrid’s Mother Beauty is her religion, her law
Ingrid
Astrid’s Mother
Beauty is her religion, her law
Writer and artist: wants her daughter to be exactly like her.
Husband left when Astrid was born, never came back
Never again found confidence in a man until she met Barry
Barry and her have some problems, he cheats on her, she murders him with poison. Astrid is aware of her mothers behaviour

10. Ingrid Continued
Ingrid goes to jail for life, leaving her daughter by herself
Tries to have a lot of influence on Astrid, while still in prison
Cares more about herself: wouldn’t go to parents night, had an art show to go to.

11. Ingrid in the view of Murray

12. Ingrid’s Psychogenic Needs According to Murray
n Dominance: Adience Vector -- drive to influence, control, persuade, prohibit, dictate, lead, direct, restrain others, organize behaviour of people in a group
Ingrid demonstrates this by:
Wants her daughter to be an artist, like herself
Tries to tell her daughter not to love or attach herself to other men
Not to listen to what the foster homes have to say to her. Everyone else is the enemy
1st visit in jail: Astrid says she made her to think like Ingrid. Ingrid yells at her daughter when they are talking about Christianity and the fact that Astrid got baptized. Quote: “am I evil? I regret nothing” “those people are the enemy... I'm the only person you know that can keep you honest...don't forget who you are, my daughter, and you are perfect”
What she says to Astrid about attaching herself to other: Quote “ not to attach herself to anyone who shows her attention because she is lonely, loneliness is the human condition no one can fill that space, best you could do is know yourself, know what you want” Astrid disagrees

13. Ingrid’s Psychogenic Needs cont.
n Aggression: Adience Vector -- Assaultive orientation to others, belittle, harm, blame, accuse, ridicule, punish severely, react sadistically toward, even murder
Ingrid demonstrates this by:
Belittles Claire (pregnancy, husband, job) and Paul (drawings)
Ridicules Astrid (how she is acting in her foster homes, how she is acting with men)
Killing her boyfriend
1st time Astris vists Ingrid in Prison:
Ridicules Astrid of her new clothes and the cross Star gave her. Does not approve of Astrid wearing it. Tells her that it is very wrong to be a Christian and they she raised her to think by herself
reacts to Astrids “gothic” look at the end of the movie – she asks “what happened to you..you look like a hooker”
Paul
Astrid shows Ingrid the drawings that Paul (her best friend in the foster care) drew –Ingrid reacts to them like they are horrible: ”not bad for what they are ... Cartoons.”
Clair and Ingrid – 4th time in jail: Ingrid Belittles Claire
- her being a actress “all that rejection must be hard on your self-esteem” Husband “your husband is gone a lot, must be hard.” not being able to have children “must be nice having Astrid, since you cant have kids on your own”
Then accuses Astrid if the troubles with Claire's was because of her. She cant stand that Astrid is with her “ I would rather see you in the worse type of foster hell then living with that women, what can you honestly learn from her?”
why do you think they got you? To create a perfect little family? People get babies for that” “I know you think I'm being cruel but i’m trying to protect you from those people” Astrid tells her she is never coming back to visit her
When claire commites suicide Astrid Blames Ingrid. Ingrid replies: “I just told her what she already knew...of course I was jealous, i live in a cell”

14. Ingrids Psychogenic needs cont.
n Autonomy: Abience Vector -- drive to resist influence or coercion, defy authority, seek freedom, strive independence
Ingrid demonstrates this by:
Ingrid is very independent, defies authority or the fact that her behaviour affects her daughter.
Examples:
Going to jail for murder
Sends daughter to foster homes, does not really care about Astrid’s feelings.
Very independent in jail, needs no one.
Writes in 1st letter to Astrid explaining They are both in Jail (like it is Astrid's fault), punished for their strength and independence, don't forget who you are.”

15. Ingrid’s Psychogenic needs cont.
n Inviolacy: Abience Vector -- attitude of attempting to prevent depreciation of self-respect, preserve one’s good name, avoid criticism, maintain psychological distance
Ingrid demonstrates this by:
she still tries to stay how she use to be before she went to jail, keeps the same morals, attitudes, feelings.
Tries to instil these morals, attitudes, feelings into her daughter -- keeps telling Astrid she is her daughter, everyone else is the enemy
Ingrid keeps telling Astrid how to not let anyone bring her down. Qoute: “Beauty is their power, strength, cant allow them to change them, to lessen us, I will not grant them that satisfaction and neither should you.”

16. Ingrid’s Psychogenic Needs
n Contrarience : Abience Vector -- drive to act differently from others, be unique, take the opposite side, hold unconventional views
Examples:
very unique by being an artist – don’t have to go to parents night, because she is an artist, things like that do not matter to her
Does not care what other people think of her – everyone else is the enemy

17. Ingrid’s Psychogenic Needs
n Abasement: Adience Vector -- surrendering, complying, accepting punishment, apologizing, confessing
Ingrid demonstrates this by:
Allowing her daughter to be “free” from her. (goes to jail, doesn’t ask Astrid to lie for her)
Confesses to Astrid about what happened when she was a child (father, Annie, the murder)
Ingrid wants Astrid to lie in court – however Astrid will only do this if Ingrid confesses everything
Why she killed Barry? He was killing me, self defence
Clare? She was already there, she just showed her how to do it
Her father? Met at a party, drugs, did she love him? Sexual relationship, denies she was in love – he left her. Came back at 8 years old “why should I have let him see you after what he did to me?”
Annie? Took care of Astrid as a baby – “I was very unprepared to have a child, all you ever did was just want, want want, can you understand how desperate I was? – she dropped her off at Annies house, one thing led to another, she left Astrid with Annie for a year.
Apologizes
“If I could, I would take it all back” she wouldn't say that she would sacrifice the rest of her life to see her daughter how she used to me. Selfish
Accepting Punishment
Court Trial: Mother told lawyer to leave Astrid alone, she didn't make her testify. Ingrid went to jail, let Astrid to be free.

18. Astrid A 15 year old girl Has no father – left before she was born
Likes to sketch and draw things
Looks as beautiful as her mother
Introspective and wise for her age
Mother goes to jail when she is only 15
She then has to go to foster care and is in and out of three different foster homes.
Astrid tries desperately to forge her own identity within her ever-changing environment
Even though her mother is behind bars she still has a major influence in her own life
Her mother constantly makes her feel guilty for moving on with her life and trying to be happy

19. Astrid's Journey Astrid's mom would forget about things
When Astrid was only 15 her mom killed her boyfriend Barry for cheating on her and was taken away to jail
Astrid was then forced to go from foster home to foster home.
Her first foster home was with a couple; Starr and Ray.
She receives her first letter from her mom
she visits her mom in jail

20. Astrid Cont… Astrid began to pursue a relationship with Ray
Astrid began to pursue a relationship with Ray
Starr gets a gun and wants to kill her
She then goes to McKinley hall
Cuts off hair and threatens one of the girls
She meets a guy named Paul
She receives another letter from her mother
She goes to visit her mom in jail, her mom just criticizes her
Astrid listens to her mom, but is starting to see that her mom doesn’t want her to be happy

21. Astrid Con’t... Astrid then gets taken to a second foster home
Astrid Con’t...
Astrid then gets taken to a second foster home
It was another couple but the husband was never there
Clare and Astrid got along really well
Ingrid is jealous of the relationship Clare and Astrid had developed
Her mom tells her that she would rather see her in the worst foster hell then see her with Clare
Clare commits suicide by overdosing on pills
Chooses who she wants to be with for her 3rd foster home

22. Astrid Con’t... Go through garbage to find clothes and sell them
Lawyer came to talk to her about her mothers upcoming trial
She goes to see her mom, and her mom doesn’t like her new look
Astrid makes her a deal
She asks her mom why she killed Barry? Who her father was? and who Annie was?
Finally her mom lets her go and Astrid is free

23. Murray looking at Astrid

24. Astrid’s Psychogenic Needs According to Murray
Achievement: Adience Vector -- the drive to overcome obstacles, strive to do something difficult
We see this in Astrid when she starts to overcome her mothers expectations of her, she tried to become her own person and not let her mother depict her life
Succorance: Adience Vector -- dependent attitude of seeking aid, protection, and sympathy, and help from an affectionate nurturing caretakers.
We see this with Astrid's desire to want a father figure in her life. She is attracted to any guy that gives her attention.

25. Astrid’s Psychogenic Needs Continued
Abasement: Adience Vector -- surrendering, complying, accepting punishment, apologizing and atoning
We see this when throughout the movie she kept changing to conform to the foster homes
As well as when her mother did not approve of something she would change so that her mom accepted her.

26. Astrid’s Psychogenic Needs Continued
Infavoidance: Abience Vector -- orientation to avoiding failure, shame, humiliation, or ridicule by concealing disfigurement and refraining from attempts at anything seen as beyond ones power
We seen this when Astrid would stop doing or believing in what she had learned at her new foster home when her mother wasn’t happy with the way she was acting. She didn’t want to feel as though she has failed her mothers wishes.

27. CONCLUSION Astrid
Therefore throughout this presentation I went over many different obstacles in Astrid's life that she had to overcome and deal with. It is these obstacles that helped to shape Astrid’s personality and make her who she was. Astrid's personality portrayed her as a strong individual to be able to deal with these circumstances but she is also seen as a confused lost girl.
Some things that helped shape her personality would be how she wanted intimacy in her life. Maybe, this caused her to acted differently towards males such as Ray. She knew it was wrong for her to pursue a relationship with him but did so anyway to fulfill her needs. Another factor that could of shaped her personality was when she was little and her mom left her with a lady named Annie because she wasn't ready to take care of Astrid.

28. Astrid's Conclusion Con’t...
Ingrid took off for about a year and went somewhere she didn’t have to care about anything. This would contribute to Astrid feeling neglected and seeking for attention.
We also saw how much of an influence her mother had on her throughout the course of her life.
We saw how many times Astrid would conform to be like her new foster home but once her mother did not approve of this new Astrid she would go back to being the way her mother wanted her to be. There could have been many different things that could have changed the way Astrid acted such as having a father in her life, but it is hard to say if this would have made things better or not.
Overall aspects of Astrid's personality changed over the course of her life to help her deal with each new situation.

29.
Conclusion Ingrid
Ingrid is a strong independent individual who does not put other peoples feelings first before she does something (like murder). She acts like her identity as an artist gives her a reason to act differently then everyone else (not going to parents night, killing her boyfriend, belittling Astrid). Ingrid reacts very strongly towards her daughter when Astrid is not acting like her (wearing a cross, enjoying her foster home), she wants her daughter to be exactly like her. She cares more about her life then her daughters However, an aspect of Ingrid’s personality changes when her daughter acts the opposite of Ingrid, acts like her own individual. Ingrid starts caring and puts Astrid’s feelings ahead of hers by accepting the fact that she is going to be in jail for the rest of her life so Astrid can be free.

30. Conclusion: Ingrid vs. Astrid
Same
Astrid
N Dominance
N Acheivement
N Aggression
N Succorance
N Autonomy
N Abasement
N Infaviodance
N Inviolacy
N Intimacy
N Contrarience
From this we see different personalities between mother and daughter. Ingrid being more of a dominant and aggressive individual who will not change for no one. Then there is Astrid who is driven to overcome obstacles but challenged when it comes to pleasing the people around her while at the same time keeping herself strong and independent. Ingrid and Astrid are similar when they feel they need to apologize to one an other or comply to meet someone else’s needs.

31. Questions and Comments?!?!

32. Here is a question for you!
Do you think that a persons personality can change over time or do you believe it stays constant??

33. References
Allen, B. P. (2006). Personality Theories: Development, Growth, and Diversity. Western Illinios University.
2. Copyright ©, (2001) Test Developer Profiles: Henry A. Murray, M.D., Ph.D . The McGraw-Hill Companies. Retrieved November 1, 2007 from,
3. TM and ©, (2003) White Oleander. Warner Bros. Retrieved November 1, 2007 from,
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