1. Log: 1/20
Page 32 Planet Diary

2. Chapter 2 Minerals and Rocks
Table of Contents
2.1 Properties of Minerals
2.2 Classifying Rocks
2.3 Igneous Rocks
2.4 Sedimentary Rocks
2.5 Metamorphic Rocks
2.6 The Rock Cycle

3. Properties of Minerals
Are They or Aren’t They?
To be classified as a mineral, a substance must satisfy five requirements.

4. Defining Minerals Crystal Structure and Solid Naturally Occurring
Means formed by a natural process.
Have flat sides called faces
Produced by a repeating pattern of atoms (ions or molecules)

5. Defining Minerals Definite Chemical Composition Inorganic
The mineral always contains specific element in definite proportions.
Are formed from none living things.

6. Elements
Pure substances that can't be broken down by in to simpler substances
All minerals contain 1 or more of 92 elements

7. Atoms and Elements Elements are made of one kind of atom
Atom are the smallest part of any element that has all the properties
When two or more elements combine it makes a compound
Example

8. How Minerals are Identified
2.2
Page 35

9. Each mineral has characteristic properties that can be used to identify it.
Luster
Streak
Color
Hardness
Density
Crystal Structure
Cleavage and Fracture
Special Properties

10. Luster- How the material reflects light
3 main types of luster
Metallic-shiny, bright and reflective
Looks like a metal
Example : silver, copper, etc

11. Waxy , Greasy or Pearly Pollucite Glassy –
example: quartz, tourmaline
Resinous (like resin or sap from a tree) –
example: sphalerite
Greasy or waxy –
example: turquoise
Sphalerite
Nepheline and cancrinite

12. Silky Silky – having the look of silk, fine parallel fibers of mineral
example: asbestos
Stellerite
Gypsum

13. Streak
The color of powder form of the mineral left on a porcelain plate called a streak plate (must be softer than the porcelain)
The streak color is not effected by environment so it more reliable than color

14. Hardness Hardness How easily the mineral can be scratched
Can be compared to the hardness of other minerals by using the Mohs scale

15. Hardness

16. Density Ratio of mass to volume
Determined by the mass of the atoms and how close they are

17. Cleavage
The way the mineral splits along flat surfaces or tendency to break smooth
Determined by the arrangement of the atoms
Not all minerals have cleavage

18. Fracture
The tendency to break unevenly along curved or irregular surfaces
These minerals do not have planes of weakness and break irregularly.

19. Log: Dec. 7th
What do geologist uses to determine how hard a mineral is?
What are the 3 types of luster?
What things can I use to identify minerals?

20. Special Properties page 73
Fluorescent
Magnetism
Taste
Chemical Reaction
Optical Properties
Radioactivity

21. Fluorescent Minerals

22. Color Color by itself IS NOT sufficient to identify a mineral
The same mineral can be found in a variety of colors
Things that change color
Impurities
Exposure to air or water (other elements)

23. How Do Minerals form??? Organic Process Crystalized from Solutions
Crystalized as lava or Magma Cool

24. Organic Minerals Different animals produce shells and skeletons.
Examples: Clams and Coral can produce calcite.

25. Solution Minerals
Solution – a mixture in which a substance is dissolved in another.
Two Forms of solution Minerals
Evaporation- when the water in salt water evaporates it leaves halite.
Hot Water solution- Hot water can dissolve elements and compounds that form minerals once the cool.

26. Magma and Lava Formations
Minerals form once hot magma or lava cool.
Magma
Cools slowly below the surface and forms large crystals.
Example: Quartz, mica and tourmaline

27. Properties of Minerals
Complete the graphic organizer to show how a geode forms in four steps.

28. Log: 1/27
Read Lab Worksheet
Open book for HW check. Trade with someone at your table.
What is the purpose of determining a minerals streak Color?

29. Lesson 2 Classifying Rocks
Page 44

30. Log: 1/30
Read and answer questions form planet diary page 44

31. How do Geologist Classify p.45
To Study rock samples geologist observe the rock’s mineral composition, color and texture.

32. Mineral Composition and Color
Rock can be composed of one mineral or more.
Rock- forming minerals.
20 different minerals make up majority of the rock found in the Earth Crust.
Granite- light color with high silica (made with silicone and oxygen) content.
Basalt- dark color, low silica ,tiny mineral crystals

33. Texture- look and feel of rocks surface.
Grain Shape
Grains-give the rock texture
Grain Pattern
Grain Size

34. Rock Origins
Rocks are classified by the way they formed.
Three Main Groups
Rock Types
Form
Igneous-
Cooling magma or lava
Sedimentary
When small remains of plants and animals are pressed together
Metamorphic
When rock are changed by heat or pressure.
Changed by chemical reaction

35. Log: 1/31 Read lab What safety things do you need for this lab?
How many drops of wax go into the hot water?
What is the spoon used for?
Show me your ready by prepping your desk.

36. Igneous Rock Classification
Origin and Texture
Origin
Example
Grain
Crystals
Mineral Composition
Extrusive
Lava cooling quickly
Basalt
Fine
Small Crystals
Low in silica
Intrusive
Magma Hardening slowly
Granite
Corse
Large Crystals
High silica

37. Igneous Rock
Igneous Rock Origins and Textures
The texture of igneous rock varies according to its origin.

38. Igneous Rock Used Tools Building Materials
Kitchen and bathroom counters
Walk ways
Igneous Rock Used

39. Log: 2/6 What are the 3 main types of sedimentary rock?
What is weathering?

40. Sedimentary

41. Sedimentary Rocks How Sedimentary Rock Forms
Sedimentary rocks form through a series of processes over millions of years.

42. Sedimentary Rocks
Put the terms listed in the word bank in the proper sequence to show how mountains can change into sedimentary rock.

43. Clastic Rocks Formed from rock fragments
Classified by size of fragments

44. Sedimentary Rocks pg 55 Organic Rocks How do coal and limestone form?
Organic rocks form from living things such as plants and animal remains.

45. Chemical Rocks Examples Limestone formed from calcite Halite Forms
When minerals dissolved in water solution crystalizes.
Evaporation salt water minerals.

46. Sedimentary Rocks Form Sequence Major Types Examples
Using a sequence of events
Weathering or erosion
Deposition
Compaction
Cementation
Organic
Chemical
Clastic
Coal Limestone
Limestone and halite
Shale, sandstone, conglomerate

47. Metamorphic Rocks Form Major Types Examples Used
Igneous or sedimentary change due to heat or pressure.
(other metamorphic rocks)
Foliated (parallel grains)
Non-foliated (random grains)
Granite >Gneiss
Quartzite> sandstone
Marble
slate

48. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rock
Great heat and pressure can change one type of rock into another. Are these types of rock sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic? Which rock can form from the other rock?

49. The Rock Cycle The Rock Cycle
Through melting, weathering and erosion, and heat and pressure, the rock cycle constantly changes rocks from one type into another type.

50. The Rock Cycle The Rock Cycle and Plate Tectonics
New rock forms on the ocean floor at the mid-Atlantic ridge. Here, two plates move apart.