1. Earth Science
Chapter 4
Rocks!

2. What is the most interesting thing you learned during your research?
Bellwork
What is the most interesting thing you learned during your research?
Write it down and then we will talk about it!

3. Rocks are classified using 1. mineral composition 2. color 3. texture
Classifying Rocks
Rocks are classified using
1. mineral composition
2. color
3. texture

4. Rocks can be made of one, or a combination of several minerals
Mineral Content
Rocks can be made of one, or a combination of several minerals
There are about 20 main rock-building minerals

5. One mineral

6. Several minerals

7. Can help identify rocks Granite is usually light
Color
Can help identify rocks
Granite is usually light
Basalt is usually dark

8. Granite/Basalt

9. Texture
Texture
Grain size
Grain shape
Grain pattern

10. Fine-some only seen with microscope
Grain size
Fine-some only seen with microscope
Coarse-easily seen without microscope
No visible grain-none seen even with microscope

12. Grain pattern
Bands
Swirls
Colored bands
Random

13. Banded

14. Swirl

15. Colored bands

16. Random

17. What did you find most interesting about the crystal presentations?
Bellwork
What did you find most interesting about the crystal presentations?

18. Igneous: forms from the cooling of magma or lava
Igneous Formation
Igneous: forms from the cooling of magma or lava

19. Igneous formation

20. Sedimentary formation
Sedimentary rocks form when particles of other rocks or plant/animal remains are presses and cemented together

21. Sedimentary formation

22. Metamorphic formation
Metamorphic formation: forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

23. Metamorphic formation

24. You do it! Read section 2 about igneous rocks.
Create a classification chart describing how igneous rocks are classified
Your chart should include information on origin, texture, and mineral composition of igneous rocks
Charts should also include illustrations, all vocabulary words, and examples of igneous rocks

25. What type of rock is created when lava is cooled quickly?
Bellwork
What type of rock is created when lava is cooled quickly?

26. Igneous Rock Classification
Origin
On or beneath Earth’s surface
Texture
Depends on the size and shape of mineral crystals
Mineral composition
Dependent upon the amount of silica in the lava or magma

27. Most common type is basalt Makes up most of the ocean’s floors
Origin
Extrusive Rock: igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface
Most common type is basalt
Makes up most of the ocean’s floors

28. Basalt

29. Most abundant intrusive rock is granite
Origin
Intrusive Rock: igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath the Earth’s surface
Most abundant intrusive rock is granite

31. Rapid cooling=small crystals, fine grain
Texture
Rapid cooling=small crystals, fine grain
Slow cooling=large crystals, coarse grain
Extrusive=smooth, fine grain
Intrusive=coarse, large grain

32. Texture
Extrusive
Intrusive

33. Mineral Composition
Lava is low in silica and dark colored
Magma is high in silica and generally light colored
Geologists look at rocks under a microscope to determine the mineral makeup

35. WHAT DID YOU FIND MOST INTERESTING ABOUT IGNEOUS ROCK FORMATION?
BELLWORK
WHAT DID YOU FIND MOST INTERESTING ABOUT IGNEOUS ROCK FORMATION?

36. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS READ SECTION 3 WITH A PARTNER
MAKE A FLOW CHART DESCRIBING THE FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
YOUR CHART SHOULD INCLUDE:
DEFINITION OF SEDIMENT
4 STEPS OF THE PROCESS INCLUDING EXPLANATION
ILLUSTRATIONS

37. Sedimentary process
Erosion
Deposition
Compaction
Cementation

38. Natural forces break down and carry small pieces of rock
Erosion
Natural forces break down and carry small pieces of rock

39. Erosion

40. Deposition
The natural processes eventually drop the eroded rock/sediment and they form layers

42. Discuss a scientific observation you made recently
Bellwork
Discuss a scientific observation you made recently

43. This presses the visible layers of sediment together
Compaction
This presses the visible layers of sediment together

44. Cementation
During compaction, minerals dissolve in water, fill in gaps in the sediment, and act as a glue holding the newborn rock together

45. Cementation

46. CLASSIFY TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
MAKE A CLASSIFICATION CHART DESCRIBING THE THREE MAIN TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
CHARTS SHOULD INCLUDE DESCRIPTION OF ALL THREE TYPES
HOW THEY FORM
EXAMPLES
ILLUSTRATIONS

47. Classifying Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic
Organic
Chemical

48. Formed from rock fragments being squeezed together
Clastic
Formed from rock fragments being squeezed together
They can be small or large rock fragments
Clay/pebbles

49. Name three examples of clastic sedimentary rocks
Bellwork
Name three examples of clastic sedimentary rocks

50. Most common are shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia
Clastic
Most common are shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia
Most form from sand on beaches, ocean floor, riverbeds, and sand dunes

51. Shale

52. Sandstone

53. Conglomerate

54. Breccia

55. Remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
Organic Rocks
Remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
Coal and limestone are major examples

56. Coal forms from swamp plants buried in water
Over millions of years they turn into coal

58. What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks?
Bellwork
What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks?

59. Over millions of years these make limestone
Animals with hard shells made of calcite die and fall to the bottom of the ocean
Over millions of years these make limestone

60. Limestone

61. Form when dissolved minerals crystalize
Chemical Rocks
Form when dissolved minerals crystalize
Examples include ancient sea beds
Could be from salt or dissolved limestone

62. Chemical Rocks

63. Section 4 Read Section 4: How do coral animals live?
How do coral reefs form?
Illustrate this as well as writing your answer.
What evidence do limestone deposits from coral reefs provide about Earth’s history?

64. On your Own Read Section 5: 1. How are metamorphic rocks formed?
2. How do geologists classify metamorphic rocks?
What are the different types of metamorphic rocks? Explain each.
What are the uses of metamorphic rocks?

65. The Rock Cycle
Magma

66. Rock Cycle

67. If you complete the worksheet..
Read section 6: The Rock Cycle
1. Make an illustration of the Rock cycle and describe the steps/changes that occur
2. Answer the questions from all three section assessments
3. You may work with a partner, but every student must have their own work to turn in

68. When you complete the questions
Answer the questions from all three section assessments
You may work with a partner, but every student must have their own work to turn in
Due Tomorrow!