1. Thomas Jefferson & Louisiana Purchase
Essential Question: What were the benefits and consequences of President Jefferson’s decision to buy New Orleans and the resulting Louisiana Purchase?

2. In 1800, France and Spain were negotiating for ownership of Louisiana territory, a vast region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

3. Louisiana Purchase background:
France & England at war Napoleon needs $
Port of New Orleans closed to Americans
Jefferson realizes importance of New Orleans to America
Jefferson sends Robert Livingston & James Monroe to buy territory from Napoleon
U.S. buys about for $15 million from Napoleon

4. Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France, who had gained control of the Port of New Orleans and the Louisiana territory, and who was desperate for money, sold the entire Louisiana territory (828,000 square miles) to the United States for $15 million- about three cents per acre.

5. Louisiana Purchase doubles size of United States

6. Louisiana Purchase Positive: Doubles area of United States
New Orleans port city now open to United States
Mississippi river connects interior to Gulf Mexico
Negatives:
Land not really France’s to sell
Leads to years of Native American wars
Issue of slavery
Issue of REPRESENTATION (3/5 compromise)
 North v South tension

7. Meriwether Lewis William Clark

9. Jefferson chose Captain Meriwether Lewis to lead an exploration into the Louisiana territory. Lewis in turn recruited his friend Lieutenant William Clark to oversee a volunteer force called the Corps of Discovery.

10. The Corps of Discovery came to be known as the Lewis and Clark expedition.

12. The goal of the Lewis and Clark expedition was to establish good relations with the Native Americans and try to find a northwest passage across the United States.

13. In 1805 Lewis and Clark were joined by the 17-year-old Shoshone wife of a French trapper named Sacajawea who proved an invaluable ambassador to other Native American tribes.

15. Lewis and Clark expedition: crossed the U. S
Lewis and Clark expedition: crossed the U.S. from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean and brought back a wealth of scientific and geographic information. The expedition also revealed that a northwest water passage did not exist.

19. Impact of Western exploration from 1804-1807
Accurate maps
Growth of the fur trade
Mistaken view of the Great Plains

21. Map of Lewis and Clark's Track, Across the Western Portion of North America, published 1814

22. James Madison & The War of 1812
Essential QUESTION: How did President Madison’s actions, related to protecting American ships and settlers, affect the United States during this period of American History?

23. James Madison & War of 1812: some background
US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized.
Impressment: English navy taking U.S. sailors and making them fight for them on their ships
England at war with Napoleon
England also backing Indians in North America
James Madison:
“Father of Constitution”
Author of Federalist Papers
But helps Jefferson start Democratic – Republican Party
Sec. of State to Jefferson

24. What was Madison’s role leading up to The War of 1812?
Non-Intercourse Act
Forbade trade with France and Britain; however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictions
War Hawks
Southern congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the east

25. What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?
Economic Diplomacy Fails
Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe
Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries
Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North

26. What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain?
To allow reopening of trade
National Pride
To stop the impressment of sailors
CANADA!!!

27. What were some drawbacks to going to war?
Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war
Military was small
Standing Army was small
Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state borders
Navy was quite small only 22 ships
Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase

28. Declaration of War
June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war
Vote was split along regional lines
War started with Invasion of Canada

29. Key Battles US Burns York (now Toronto)
US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen
Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie
This gave the US control of Lake Erie
Britain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard
This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast

30. The Roof is on Fire…
In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C.
They burn the White House and the Capitol
Madison and Congress Barely escape

31. Oh Say Can You See… Unlike D.C., Baltimore was Ready for the British
The City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British
After bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attack
Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

32. Treaty of Ghent
Treaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812
The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory.
The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.

33. Battle of New Orleans
Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)
Why was New Orleans important?
Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops
Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and household name
Ensured treaty ratification

34. If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important?
Gave the United States a National Identity (Rise of Nationalism)
America gains respect of other nations
Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen
Inspires more westward movement
Republican Party gains footing and starts pushing their agenda
Federalists opposed the war that actually ended up benefiting America and increasing nationalism
Looks good for Republicans