1. Federalists and Anti-Federalists

2. The Constitution The Electoral College
In what way was the Electoral College a compromise?
-Question Ch.9 Study Guide, II.4
-large states would have greater influence in the first round of popular voting as a state’s share of electors was based on the total number of its senators and representatives in Congress. If no candidate got a majority of votes, the small states would gain more say when the election went to the House with each state having one vote.

3. How was slavery addressed in the Constitution?
-in apportioning direct taxes and in according representation in the House of Representatives, slaves would count as three-fifths of a person (three-fifths compromise).
the slave trade could not be touched until 1807 (at that time, Congress banned it).

4. Table 9-2 p173

5. In what ways did the Constitution seek to erect barriers against “mobocracy?”
federal judges were appointed for life
the president was to be indirectly elected by the Electoral College
senators were to be chosen indirectly by state legislatures

6. What democratic elements existed in the Constitution?
it was based on two main principles of republicanism- government was based on the consent of the governed and the powers of government should be limited
the virtue of the people, not the authority of the state, was to be the ultimate guarantor of liberty, justice, and order: “We the people”

7. Who were the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

8. Map 9.4 The Struggle over
Ratification This mottled map
shows that federalist support
tended to cluster around the
coastal areas, which had enjoyed
profitable commerce with the
outside world, including the
export of grain and tobacco.
Impoverished frontiersmen,
suspicious of a powerful new
central government under the
Constitution, were generally
antifederalists.
Map 9-4 p174

9. Federalists Generally lived along the seaboard
Generally wealthier, more educated, and better organized than the Anti-Federalists.

10. Anti-Federalists Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee
Generally states’ rights proponents, backcountry people, small farmers
Generally the poorest classes

11. Anti-Federalist Arguments
the Constitution was written by aristocratic elements of society and was undemocratic
sovereignty of the states were being submerged
freedoms of the individual were jeopardized by the lack of a bill of rights
loss of annual elections for congressional representatives, the creation of a federal stronghold (later D.C.), the creation of a standing army, the omission of any reference to God, and the procedure of ratification with only two-thirds of the states.

12. The promise to add a bill of rights swayed some Anti-Federalists

13. June 1788 the Constitution was officially adopted

14. Table 9-3 p175

15. A Triumphant Cartoon
This cartoon appeared in the
Massachusetts Centinel on
August 2, Note the two
laggards, especially the sorry
condition of Rhode Island.
p176

16. What do the authors mean when they say, “The minority had triumphed- twice”?
-a militant minority of American radicals and engineered the military Revolution. Now a minority of conservatives (embracing some of the earlier radicals) had engineered a peaceful revolution that overthrew the Articles of Confederation.

17. What do the authors mean by “Conservatism was victorious?”
-Conservatives conserved the principle of republican government through a redefinition of popular sovereignty.
-safeguards were erected against mob excesses

18. Can the Constitution be considered both a radical departure from the Articles of Confederation and a conservative document at the same time?