1. The hydrosphere CONTENTS HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS
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2. Contents Sea water Properties Movements Fresh water Distribution
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Contents
Sea water
Properties
Movements
Fresh water
Distribution
Water on Earth
Distribution
Origin
Properties
Natural disasters
The Hydrosphere
The water cycle
Processes
Uses of water
Uses and saving water
Drinking water
Water pollution
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3. Resources HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS
What are some properties of water?
Distribution of water on Earth
Origin of the hydrosphere
What is sea water like?
Natural disasters produced by water
Movements produced
in the
oceans
Where is fresh water found?
What is the water cycle?
Activity: water
cycle
Water cycle activity
What is water used for?
Drinking water
What causes water pollution?
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4. Total surface fresh water (liquid)
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Distribution of water on Earth
Total water on Earth
sea water %
fresh water %
Total fresh water
ice %
groundwater %
surface water (liquid) %
other %
Total surface fresh water (liquid)
lakes %
swamps 11%
rivers %
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5. gaseous water solid water liquid water Present
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Origin of the hydrosphere
Primitive atmosphere:
carbon dioxide
water vapour
IS THERE WATER ON
OTHER PLANETS?
condensation
Temperature 15 ºC
gaseous water
solid water
liquid water
4,500 million years ago
Present
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6. Water on other rocky planets
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Water on other rocky planets
Mercury
Mars
Venus
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7. Ice may exist in craters at the poles according to radar.
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Water on other rocky planets
Ice may exist in craters
at the poles according
to radar.
Mercury
Mars
Venus
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8. Liquid water in the past
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Water on other rocky planets
Mercury
Mars
Frozen water under the
polar caps
Liquid water in the past
Venus
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9. No surface water Traces of water vapour in the atmosphere
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Water on other rocky planets
Mercury
Mars
No surface water
Traces of water vapour
in the atmosphere
Venus
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10. What are some properties of water?
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What are some properties of water?
It is an excellent solvent.
It expands on freezing.
It absorbs a lot of heat.
It is highly cohesive and adhesive.
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11. Natural disasters produced by water
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Natural disasters produced by water
Flash flooding
River flooding
Torrential rain
Tsunamis
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12. Proportions of dissolved salts
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What is sea water like?
Proportions of dissolved salts
87 %
chlorides
2 %
others
11 %
sulphates
It is salty.
It contains dissolved gases from:
- wave action
- the activity of aquatic plants and animals
Temperature varies with depth.
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13. Movements produced in the oceans
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Movements produced in the oceans
Waves
Cause
Tides
Ocean currents
Cause
Cause
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14. The wind Movements produced in the oceans Waves Cause Ocean currents
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Movements produced in the oceans
Waves
Cause
The wind
Tides
Ocean currents
Cause
Cause
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15. Gravitational attraction of the Moon and Sun on the water
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Movements produced in the oceans
Waves
Cause
Tides
Cause
Gravitational attraction of the Moon and Sun on the water
Ocean currents
Cause
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16. Differences in temperature Differences in salinity
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Movements produced in the oceans
Waves
Cause
Tides
Winds
Differences in temperature
Differences in salinity
Ocean currents
Cause
Cause
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17. Lakes Rivers Streams or torrents Groundwater Wetlands Glaciers
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Where is fresh water found?
Lakes
Rivers
Streams or torrents
Groundwater
Wetlands
Glaciers
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18. water storage in ice and snow
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What is the water cycle?
water storage in ice and snow
condensation in
the form of clouds
precipitation
infiltration
surface runoff
ENLARGE
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evaporation
evapotranspiration
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19. water storage in ice and snow
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What is the water cycle?
water storage in ice and snow
permeable rock
condensation in
the form of clouds
precipitation
infiltration
groundwater
surface runoff
evaporation
evapotranspiration
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20. water storage in ice and snow
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What is the water cycle?
water storage in ice and snow
condensation in
the form of clouds
precipitation
infiltration
surface runoff
evaporation
evapotranspiration
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21. water storage in ice and snow
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What is the water cycle?
water storage in ice and snow
condensation in
the form of clouds
precipitation
infiltration
surface runoff
Hailstone formation
evapotranspiration
evaporation
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22. Agriculture Industry Domestic use
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What is water used for?
Agriculture
Furrow irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
Drip irrigation
Industry
Domestic use
What can I do to save water?
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23. Fix leaks and use water saving devices.
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What is water used for?
Fix leaks and use water saving devices.
Wash full loads of clothes and dishes.
Take showers.
Turn off taps.
What can I do to save water?
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24. 3. Decantation and filtration 5. Pumping and distribution
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Drinking water
2. Prefiltration
WHO guidelines
for water quality
1. Water supply
3. Decantation and filtration
5. Pumping and distribution
4. Chlorination and dechlorination
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25. 3. Decantation and filtration 5. Pumping and distribution
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Drinking water
2. Prefiltration
no toxic substances
specific proportions
of gases and salts
clear, odourless,
tasteless
WHO guidelines
for water quality
WHO Guidelines
1. Water supply
3. Decantation and filtration
5. Pumping and distribution
4. Chlorination and dechlorination
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26. What causes water pollution?
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What causes water pollution?
Fertilizers and pesticides
Water pollution
Waste water from industry, agriculture and domestic use
Oil spills
What can you do?
Do not throw paint, oil or solvents down
the drain or toilet
Recycle batteries
Deposit rubbish in bins
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27. What causes water pollution?
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What causes water pollution?
Water pollution
Waste water from industry, agriculture
and domestic use
Fertilizers and pesticides
Oil spills
What can you do?
Deposit rubbish in bins.
Do not throw paint, oil or solvents
down the drain or toilet.
Recycle batteries.
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28. Activity: Water cycle Water cycle activity HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES
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Activity: Water cycle
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Water cycle activity
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29. Investigating groundwater
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Hydrosphere basics
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Investigating groundwater
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