1. Requirements for the MOB Mars Habitat
Keith Morris
Jeff Fehring
Tom White
Christie Sauers
Dax Matthews
Heather Chluda

2. Overall Project Goals
Establish a Martian Habitat capable of supporting humans

3. Overall - Level 1 Requirements
Support crew of 6
Support 600 day stay without re-supply
Maintain health and safety
Minimize dependency on Earth

4. Launch and Deployment Requirements
80 metric ton launch vehicle
Recommended Total Habitat Mass < 34,000 kg (includes payload)
Deploys 2 years before first crew
Land, deploy, operate, maintain all systems
Setup and check-out before crew arrives
Standby mode for 10 months between crews
Operational lifetime of greater than 15 years

5. Redundancy Requirements
Mission critical – 2 levels of redundancy
Life critical – 3 levels of redundancy
Auto fault detection and correction
Modular
Easily repairable
Electronic and mechanical equipment
Highly autonomous
Self-maintained or crew maintained
Possibly self-repairing
All systems in Habitat must have low failure rates

6. Crew Activities on Mars
Gather information about Mars
Ease of learning
System similarity
Common software and hardware
Real time science activity planning
Integrate In-Situ Resource Utilization System

7. Mission Architecture Systems Engineering and Integration Structures
Command, Control, and Communications (CCC)
Power
Environment Control and Life Support
Mission Operations and Human Factors
Robotics and Automation
EVA and Planetary Surface Vehicle Interfaces
Thermal
ISRU and Mars Environment

8. Organizational Chart

9. Systems Engineering and Integration Team
Primary:
Juniper Jairala
Tim Lloyd
Tiffany Finley
Support:
Meridee Silbaugh
Jeff Fehring
Tyman Stephens

10. Systems Engineering and Integration Responsibilities
Establish habitat system requirements
Delegate top-level subsystem requirements
Review and reconcile all subsystem design specifications
Ensure that all habitat subsystem requirements are met
Ensure proper subsystem interfaces

11. Structures Subsystem Team
Primary:
Jeff Fehring
Eric Schleicher
Support:
Jen Uchida
Sam Baker

12. Structures Subsystem Responsibilities
Pressurized volume
Incorporate all subsystems
Radiation shielding
Micro-meteoroid shielding
Withstand all loading environments

13. Structures - Level 2 Requirements
Fit within the dynamic envelope of the launch vehicle
Launch Shroud Diameter = 7.5 m
Length = 27.7 m
Ensure crew health
Structurally sound in all load environments
Acceleration
Vibration
Pressure
Easily repairable
Stably support all other systems
Interface with other systems
Structures Mass < kg

14. CCC Subsystem Team Primary: Support: Heather Howard Keric Hill
Tom White

15. CCC Subsystem Responsibilities
Monitoring and control of all internal and external habitat subsystems (Mars/Earth).
Communication with Earth
- transmit experimental data
- monitor habitat and crew health
- personal communications
- mission-related information exchange
Support crew and science mission

16. CCC - Level 2 Requirements
Survive transit to Mars
Fit within the transport spacecraft
Support set-up and checkout of surface infrastructure pre-crew
Computer based library:
operational and instruction maintenance
trouble-shooting of systems and hardware failures
Support a "smart" automated habitat
Facilitate Earth-control capability of some subsystems (rovers, etc.)

17. CCC - Level 2 Requirements (continued)
Habitat communication with rovers, telerovers, and EVA crewmembers (from Earth and Mars base)
“Real-time” downlink/uplink to Earth
Transmit crew health data to Earth
Capabilities for publicity, public affairs, documentation, reporting and real-time activity planning
Withstand respective surface and habitat conditions
Be highly autonomous, self or crew maintained and possibly self-maintaining

18. CCC - Level 2 Requirements (continued)
Auto fault detection for all life/mission critical and mission discretionary elements
Handle communication and data processing load for 6 people for the duration of each 600 day mission
Function autonomously for 10 months
Return to normal function after dormant periods
Mass: 320kg

19. Power Distribution and Allocation Subsystem Team
Primary:
Tom White
Jen Uchida
Support:
Nancy Kungsakawin
Eric Dekruif

20. Power Distribution and Allocation Subsystem Responsibilities
Interface with the nuclear power source and other external equipment
Safely manage and distribute power throughout Martian habitat

21. Power - Level 2 Requirements
Provide power throughout 15 yr mission lifetime
Provide 3 level redundancy (Life-critical system)
Provide fault protection system, including emergency power cutoff, power dissipation capability
Distribute power with multi-bus system

22. Power – Level 2 Requirements
Supply power while reactors are being put online
Provide method of power transfer from reactor to habitat
Regulate voltage to levels required by equipment
Provide both mobile and stationary sources of power within the habitat
Store power

23. Power – Level 2 Requirements
Power interfaces with rovers, EVA equipment, transit vehicle, etc.
Flexible system to allow future expansion or changes
Develop maintenance and safety procedures
Power mass ~ 3250 kg (includes in-transit power)

24. ECLSS Team (Environmental Control & Life Support Subsystem)
Primary
Teresa Ellis
Nancy Kungsakawin
Christie Sauers
Meridee Silbaugh
Support
Bronson Duenas
Juniper Jairala

25. ECLSS Responsibilities
Provide a physiologically and psychologically acceptable environment for humans to survive and maintain health
Provide and manage the following:
Environmental conditions
Food
Water
Waste
Provide medical services and supplies
Supply crew accommodations that encourage a successful mission

26. ECLSS - Level 2 Requirements
Supply crew with food for 600-day stay on Mars
Provide adequate Atmosphere Monitoring and Control, including:
Trace Contaminant Control
CO2 Removal and Reduction
Temperature and Humidity Control
Ventilation
Must have necessary Gas Storage
Fire Detection and Suppression
Provide adequate supplies of hygiene and potable water

27. ECLSS - Level 2 Requirements continued…
Collect and store liquid, solid, and concentrated wastes for immediate and/or delayed resource recovery
Provide adequate crew accommodations
Provide crew psychological support
Perform routine and emergency medical services
Provide crew health Monitoring
Adequate crew protection from harmful radiation
Mass must not exceed 4661 kg

28. Mission Operations Team
Primary:
Tyman Stephens
Support:
Tim Lloyd
Christie Sauers

29. Mission Operations Responsibilities
Identify, coordinate, and schedule
crew operations
Create and modify the ops schedule
Establish clear hardware operational
requirements and facilitate changes
Identify and deliver relevant system status data
Develop procedures for failure scenarios
Respond to unexpected off-nominal conditions
Support the mission objectives through crew activities

30. Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements
Surface infrastructure must be setup and
checked out before the crew arrives
Habitat deployed 2 years before first crew
Habitat must accommodate 10 month standby
Crew functions must be autonomous from Earth support
Habitat maintenance must be planned to
achieve a 15+ year lifetime

31. Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements continued…
Schedule and facilities must support:
Mineralogical and chemical analyses of rocks, soil,
and atmospheric samples
Psychological support for crew and Earth team
Science activity planning time
Operation of telerobotic rovers
2-person EVAs for 8 hrs/wk
Crew health monitoring
Programmatic activities

32. Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements continued…
Real time downlink/uplink to Earth when communication allows
Support communication between Earth, Mars, and the Martian rovers
Highly reliable, autonomous, and robust subsystems
Habitat must be a “smart" habitat incorporating automation
Earth-controlled capability for some systems (rovers, etc)
Procedures for landing, deployment, operation, and maintenance of surface systems

33. Automation and Robotic Interfaces Subsystem Team
Primary
Eric DeKruif
Support
Eric Schliecher
Dax Matthews

34. Robotics & Automation Subsystem Responsibilities
Determine which habitat functions are to be automated and design all automated systems
Design interfaces with robotics to deploy habitat infrastructure and support habitat operations

35. Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements
Deploy Infrastructure
Provide for construction and assembly of site and structures
Provide for infrastructure inspection and maintenance
Deploy scientific instruments used for initial analysis and monitoring of Mars

36. Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements
Provide method for sample acquisition
Provide for movement of Habitat and other systems
Support payload operations
Support EVA activity

37. Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements
Meet all fault tolerances and safety standards
Operate through entire mission duration
Self-diagnosis and self-maintenance
Robotics must have a wide range of operations
Meet all size and weight restrictions
Mass for Robotics and Automation is included in Structures and CCC

38. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Interfaces Subsystem Team
Primary
Dax Matthews
Bronson Duenas
Support
Teresa Ellis

39. EVA Interfaces Subsystem Responsibilities
Size and design EVA systems to operate in the Martian environment
Design interfaces between EVA systems and habitat
Responsible for ensuring EVA capability throughout the entire mission

40. EVA Systems – Level 2 Requirements
Habitat must have an airlock
Airlock must be separate entity
EVA systems
Meet all fault tolerances and safety standards
Operate through entire manned portion of mission
Capable of self-diagnosis and self-maintenance
Meet all size and weight restrictions
Airlock
Area for EVA/Rover/Emergency ingress/egress for Habitat
Area for ingress/egress into suit
Dock for pressurized rover

41. EVA Systems – Level 2 Requirements
Habitat must supply consumables for Airlock/EVA/Rover
Thermal control must be maintained in airlock
Risk of Decompression Sickness (DCS) must be minimized
Airlock structure must be able to withstand Rover/Airlock docking maneuver
Hatches must be easily accessible and easy to use while in suit
EVA system mass must not exceed 1629 kg

42. Thermal Control Subsystem Team
Primary
Keagan Rowley
Sam Baker
Support
Heather Chluda
Heather Howard
Tiffany Finley

43. Thermal Control Subsystem Responsibilities
Keep the crew alive
Maintain equipment in working condition over all mission environmental profiles

44. Thermal Subsystem - Level 2 Requirements
Maintain a shirt sleeve environment for crew of 6
Sustain equipment temperatures within operating limits
Provide control over all Martian temperature extremes
Design system with 3-levels of redundancy - life critical
Autonomous Thermal system
Operate for entire mission duration year lifetime
Thermal System Mass requirement of 550 kg – stated in DRM
Accommodate the transit to Mars
Auto-deploy and activate if the thermal control system is or becomes inactive during transit
Report status for communication to Earth during non-occupied times (for safety concerns)

45. Mars Environment and In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)
Primary
Heather Chluda
Support
Keagan Rowley
Keric Hill

46. Mars Environment and ISRU Responsibilities
Design interfaces between the habitat and the ISRU plant
Work with the other subsystems to ensure that the habitat will operate successfully for the entire mission duration and under all Martian environmental extremes
Evaluate potential use of any other in-situ resources

47. Mars Environment and ISRU - Level 2 Requirements
Allow transportation of nitrogen, water and oxygen from Mars resources
Storage tanks, pipes, and other equipment must survive the transit to Mars
No leakage in storage tanks and pipes is allowed
Maintain temperature in storage tanks and piping
Storage interfaces must be compatible with habitat
Interfaces to storage tanks and ISRU tanks must be performed using robots or humans
Byproducts of oxygen, nitrogen and water must be transported from the ISRU plant to the habitat
Pumping systems shall have adequate head to supply the habitat
Shielding from the Mars environment is necessary for piping and storage tanks
Emergency cut-off capabilities between the ISRU plant and the habitat
In case of leakage, rupture, etc.

48. Mars Environment and ISRU - Level 2 Requirements
The habitat and all equipment must withstand these characteristics of the Mars environment
Martian atmospheric conditions
Dust accumulation for all surfaces and moving parts
Micrometeoroid impacts
Seismic activity ranges on Mars
Solar radiation accumulation and extreme events
Thermal environment must be taken into account due to the orbital characteristics of Mars
Gravitational environment must be taken into account for proper and effective equipment performance
Maintain stability on Martian soil - suitable surface area for the habitat
The habitat must not chemically react with soil
Accommodate for varying topography at a range of landing sites

49. Current Status Identified top level requirements
Determined subsystem breakdown
Derived subsystem level 2 requirements

50. Next Step Identify Level 3 requirements
Begin search for candidate solutions
Determine basic layout of habitat
Volume allocation and power profile
Reiterate requirements and Mass budget
Begin Interface Reference Document (IRD)

51. Critical Deadlines 10/20 – Management Briefing (IRD Status)
10/27 – IRD due
11/19 – Management Briefing (Subsystems)
12/3 – Management Briefing (Design Summary)
12/8, 12/10 – Design Presentations
12/17 – Final Report due

52. Any Questions?