1. Social-engineering for engineers
The Whats, Whys, Wheres and Hows of social-engineering

2. Agenda On-going technology development Social-engineering
What's the story with the frauds?
How to prevent and defend against them?
And what to do if we fail to do the above?
What else should be done?

3. On-going technology development
For the last 20 years (or so), we've been witnessing an amazing technological development. The challenge is not to be the first or the best but not to be the last. It's not easy however.

4. On-going technology development
Who's having the problems then?
Content and service providers
Software and hardware vendors
Legislators and law enforcement
Internet users

5. On-going technology development
For millions of years, mankind lived just like the animals. Then something happened which unleashed the power of our imagination. We learned to talk and we learned to listen... Nope, that's not Pink Floyd. It's Stephen Hawking. But Internet-based communication is much more than text and sound.

6. On-going technology development
Pictures Video Instant messaging and VoIP Memes And more to come sooner or later

7. On-going technology development
Still there are things that haven't changed e.g. non-verbal communication. For ages our behaviour's been based on the same rules. So what? Well, IT systems and applications are prone to errors just like the humans who develop and operate them.

8. Social-engineering
The practice of making laws or using other methods to influence public opinion and solve social problems or improve social conditions.
source: Merriam-Webster Dictionary
In the context of information security, refers to psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information.
source:

9. Social-engineering Baiting Pretexting Phishing Quid pro quo
Boooooriiiiinnnngggg...

10. Social-engineering Robert Cialdini's six rules of influence:
Reciprocity
Commitment and Consistency
Social Proof
Authority
Liking
Scarcity

11. Reciprocity
Nigerian scams - an African king (or Asian general, or South-American dictator) asks for your help in recovering his huge money assets locked in the country of his origin. You'll be rewarded but first, you have to help. Some encouragement follows. Favours - someone pretending to be an IT help-desk specialist, calls you and offers help in sorting out your PC's problem (apparently caused by himself). For this, you'll give him - for example - your password.

12. Commitment and Consistency
"Free" IQ tests - its results shall be shown once you send a premium-rate text message (does it affect the overall score BTW? ;) Limited content - to view a full article or video you need to pay money or follow a dodgy link. Mobile apps - if you clicked "download", "install", will you click "no, I don't want you to access my contacts, texts, data connection and location"?

13. Liking
Phishing - fake s and websites look really like the genuine ones (well, not in Poland, how's it in Georgia? ;) Funny or hot content - you can't view the funny content unless you install a "missing plugin". Which is we-all-exactly-know-what. Share - content liked or shared by our "friends" (whom we like or at least know) is perceived as legitimate.

14. Authority
Donations - on-line payment and money exchange services, together with Bitcoin, make for a good base for money-laundering and other frauds. Voice phishing - some people reveal their personal or financial information when called "by THE bank", just because they're told it's "THE bank" calling.

15. Scarcity
"Last minute" offers - some people will pay for goods or services difficult to obtain or time-limited. YOU are the 999. person on this website - and if you follow the link you'll win an iPad... Or will you? Slashdot effect - people desperately wanting to be (all) the first to see the news will DDoS the website. Like ACTA-case in Poland. Err, soft of.

16. Some numbers... discounts guarantees trial periods returns Service
Price
Credit card data
USD
Actual cards
190 USD
Skimming device
USD
Fake ATMS
USD
e-Bank credentials
USD
Money transfers %
Fake e-commerce sites
price per project
Spam
10 USD per 1M s
Data leaks
2013
Adobe
2,9 mln
2011
Sony PSN
77 mln
2009
Heartland Payment Systems
130 mln
2008
Hannaford Brothers
4,6 mln
2007
TJX Companies
45 mln
2005
CardSystems Solutions
40 mln
discounts
guarantees
trial periods
returns

17. How do they happen? In a number of ways:
sometimes a simple phone call is enough
malware leading to an APT attack
network snooping
IP / MAC / / Called-ID spoofing
credit cards skimming
dumpster diving (no, really!)
But it's not all about the technology.

18. How to prevent and detect them?
DLP (Data Leak Prevention)
IPS / IDS (Intrusion Prevention/Detection Systems)
Application firewall
URL filtering
BGP / DNS blackholing
SIEM (monitoring)
Host agents
Threat intelligence and whistle-blowers
But...

19. How to prevent and detect them?
If you think technology can solve your security problems, then you don't understand the problems and you don't understand the technology. Bruce Schneier You can't defend. You can't prevent. The only thing you can do is detect and respond.
Source:

20. And what to do if we fail to do the above?
Detection should be based on both: user awareness and network / system monitoring - one won't work without another. Incident response must be a process with appropriate procedures, staffing, support, funding and tools. Computer forensics is just a tool in incident responders' hands. A powerful one but...

21. Computer forensics
With all this cloud, big data, BYOD, data encryption and huge HDDs it's really hard to respond to incidents efficiently.
That's when live forensics come into play:
Volatile data (e.g. RAM) acquisition
Imaging of unencrypted encrypted disk drives
Preservation of data in the cloud
Minimising delays in availability

22. Computer forensics
Triage is a simple way to preserve and examine computer evidence faster and more efficiently while keeping up with the standards and regulatory requirements (e.g. chain of custody). Triage can be performed by a trained incident responder ("a rescue team" member) on the scene. Computer forensics expert ("a surgeon") doesn't have to be involved yet.

23. CSIRTs / CERTs
Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) provide professional incident response capabilities. Effectiveness of their work depends on appropriate communication and co-operations with other governmental and business CSIRTs/CERTs. Maintaining defense capabilities and readiness on high level means exercising and constantly improving.

24. Security Quality Management
CSIRT Services
Reactive
Proactive
Security Quality Management
Alerts and Warnings
Incident Handling
– Incident analysis
– Incident response on site
– Incident response support
– Incident response coordination
Vulnerability Handling
– Vulnerability analysis
– Vulnerability response
– Vulnerability response coordination
Artifact Handling
– Artifact analysis
– Artifact response
– Artifact response coordination
Announcements
Technology Watch
Security Audits or Assessments
Configuration and Maintenance of Security Tools, Applications, and Infrastructures
Development of Security Tools
Intrusion Detection Services
Security-Related Information Dissemination
Risk Analysis
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning
Security Consulting
Awareness Building
Education/Training
Product Evaluation or Certification

25. And the conclusion is...
People are the first and the last line of defense from the attacks against them and the technology. The difference between us and the computers is that we think. Sometimes too much. It causes problems but that can also help avoid them. So it's always better to think twice.

26. Quiz