1. Training Diagnostics Tools
AudioCodes Technical
Training
Training Diagnostics Tools
Support Training Department rev 3.0

2. Course Objectives Upon completion of this course, you will be able
to perform the following tasks:
Identify and describe the tools available to troubleshoot
AudioCodes products.
Be able to perform diagnostics test procedures
using variety of tools utilities.

3. Chapter 1 Syslog Utility Chapter 2 Ethereal Sniffer
Course Syllabus
Chapter Syslog Utility
Chapter Ethereal Sniffer
Chapter DSP Trace
Chapter CPT Wizard
Chapter PSTN Trace
Chapter Command Shell
Chapter Hyper Terminal

4. INI Files Rules: Case Insensitive.
Lines beginning with a semi-colon “;” as the first character are ignored.
Carriage Return must be the final character of each line.
Number of spaces before and after =, is not relevant.
Sub Section names are optional.
The values of String parameters, should be placed between two inverted commas (‘ ’).
Parameter values should be entered only in decimal format.
Syntax errors in value can cause unexpected errors (may be set to the wrong values).
Syntax error in the parameter name is ignored (error message is issued).
[Sub Section Name]
Parameter_Name = Parameter_Value . ..
; REMARK
Valid entries:
Board Parameters.
Control Protocol Parameters.
Downloadable Files Names

5. Types Board.ini ALL_PARAM.ini
Changes from board’s default software configurations
ALL_PARAM.ini
Comprehensive listing of all board default parameters, changed and default

6. Chapter I
AC SYSLOG

7. Q: What is ACSyslog application syslog used for ?
A: The ACSyslog application gives the possibility to pick up
the trace messages from the MP-1XX and send them to
the ACSyslog.txt file.
SYSLOG Definition:
The SYSLOG is a collection of error messages, warning, and/or other system messages that are sent to a central server using UDP port 514.
Syslog protocol is defined in the IETF RFC 3164 standard.

8. AC Syslog Configuration

9. Setting Syslog Server [Syslog] SyslogServerIP = 10.2.0.136
EnableSyslog = 1
GWDebugLevel = 5
Note: Put the IP address of your Syslog server
(PC where the Syslog installed)

10. MGCP/MEGACO Settings Set through ini file or AdminPage MGCPDebugMode
0 = Disable
1 = Enable
ForceExceptionDump
Dumps last software stack data before board crash (must have syslog configured in order to utilize this functionality)
Dumps data on FIRST restart ONLY after error

11. Syslog Levels
0 = Debug is disabled (default) 1 = Flow debugging is enabled 2 = Flow and device interface debugging are enabled 3 = Flow, device interface and stack interface debugging are enabled 4 = Flow, device interface, stack interface and session manager debugging are enabled 5 = Flow, device interface, stack interface, session manager and device interface
expanded debugging are enabled.
Note:
Usually set to 5 if debug traces are needed and remember to turn off after troubleshooting.

12. Setting Syslog Debug Level

13. Online Syslog -Web
Our implementation includes 3 objects that define different ‘aspects’ of the call: Endpoint (EP), Call and Session. In a very brief description:
Endpoint – handles the actual endpoint, usually same as CID
Call – Handles the call from infrastructure pointy of view (mostly common to H.323 and SIP)
Session – handles the call from the protocol side (H.323 and SIP)
Each call has 3 identification numbers – EP ID, Call ID and Session ID.
Going back to the syslog – you probably realized that the messages are indented. The leftmost messages are related to the board side (the telephony) and the rightmost are related to the IP.
The leftmost messages are endpoint related messages and the number #5 is the endpoint ID.
The next tab is the call related messages so #3 is the call
The next tab are session related messages.

14. Syslog – Indentation 3 Objects:
Endpoint Call Session
Leftmost – Board (EP)
Second Tab – Call
Third tab – Session
Rightmost – IP.
Our implementation includes 3 objects that define different ‘aspects’ of the call: Endpoint (EP), Call and Session. In a very brief description:
Endpoint – handles the actual endpoint, usually same as CID
Call – Handles the call from infrastructure pointy of view (mostly common to H.323 and SIP)
Session – handles the call from the protocol side (H.323 and SIP)
Each call has 3 identification numbers – EP ID, Call ID and Session ID.

15. Examples of other Syslog Servers
Syslog Application
Examples of other Syslog Servers
Examples of Syslog servers available as shareware on the Internet:
Kiwi Enterprises:
The US CMS Server:
TriAction Software:
Netal SL4NT 2.1 Syslog Daemon:

16. Chapter II
Network Monitors

17. Ethereal Network Monitor
Q: What is Ethereal application used for ?
A: Ethereal is a free network protocol analyzer for
Unix and Windows.
It allows you to examine data from a live network
or from a capture file on disk.
You can interactively browse the capture data,
viewing summary and detail information for each packet.

18. Network Monitors Applications
Ethereal
Net Monitor
Sniffer pro
LAN Analyzer

19. WinPcap Application
WinPcap is an architecture for packet capture and networkanalysis for the Win32 platforms.
It includes a kernel-level packet filter, a low-level dynamic link library (packet.dll), and a high-level and system-independent library (wpcap.dll, based on libpcap version 0.6.2).

20. Ethereal Configuration: Step 1

21. Ethereal Configuration: Step 2

22. Ethereal Configuration: step 3

23. Ethereal:Filters Filter specific addresses or /and protocol
For example ip.addr = x.x.x.x and sip

24. Ethereal: Coloring Rules
Different colors can be assigned for each protocol for better visualization of each protocol.
Distinguish between calls, endpoints, gateways (using filters)
Main menu: View  Coloring rules

25. Ethereal : generating call flow
From version
Good for H.323 and SIP
Visual representation of different calls
Main menu: Statistics  VOIP Calls…

26. Ethereal :Analyzing the RTP data
Ethereal can be used to analyze the RTP data stream and even extract the audio from the data packets.
Main menu: Statistics->RTP-> Stream Analysis menu item

27. Ethereal :Extracting the audio
save the audio portion of the RTP stream to a file.
Main menu: Statistics->RTP-> Stream Analysis->Save Payload as…

28. Chapter III
DSP Recording

29. DSP Recording :Capture point
Q: What is DSP Recording used for ?
A: DSP recoding is a procedure used to monitor the DSP
operation (rtp packets ,events)
RAM
DSP
PSTN IP
Record point
DSP Rx
DSP Tx
RTP Rx
RTP Tx
Use only G.711 coder while recording tones.

30. Choose the Packet Recording item
DSP Recording – FAE
Fill the necessary items and start to record
Choose the Packet Recording item

31. DSP recording – UDP2File
Now please start the program "UdpToFile.exe" in order to record all packets to the file.
Fill the "File name" and the "UDP port" fields. The UDP port MUST be same as in Debug Page in browser.

32. DSP Recording Udp2File-Continue
Before you will start the call press the :
1. "Record" button on the WEB
2. "Go" button on the “Udp2File” utility.
After the end of call give some seconds to the Mediant to send last events and after that stop the:
1. "Udp2File" utility
2. DSP recording on WEB interface.

33. DSP Recording – Step by Step
1. Open the Mediant 2000 WEB interface.
2. Add to the "Address" field in the browser the following line /FAE , then press the Enter.
3. Choose the "Packet Recording" item
4. You will be asked for password and user :
user: Admin
password: Admin
6. Press "Apply New Settings" button.
7. Now please start the attached program "UdpToFile.exe" .
8. Fill the "File name" and the "UDP port" fields. The UDP port MUST be same as in Debug Page in browser.
9. Before you will start the call press the :
1. "Record" button on the WEB
2. "Go" button on the Udp2File utility.
10. After the end of call give some seconds to the MP/M2K to send last events and after that stop the:
1. "Udp2File" utility
2. DSP recording on WEB interface.
11. Send Audiocodes Support the received DAT file:
DSP traces will be analyzed by AudioCodes Tech Support.

34. Chapter IV
Call Progress Tones Wizard

35. DSP Recording –CPT
The CPT tone file is a text file contains the Tones parameters
frequency HZ and cadence MSEC ( multiple 10)
Most important Tones are:
cpt_recorded_dialtone.pcm
cpt_recorded_busytone.pcm
cpt_recorded_ringtone.pcm
cpt_recorded_invalidtone.pcm
E.180 ITU-T is a standard for each country
World CPT tones Tone List type
Tones_File Example.ini

36. Q: What is CPTWizard used for ?
A: The Call Progress Tones wizard helps detect the Call Progress Tones generated by your PBX (or telephone exchange).
The software creates automatically a basic Call Progress Tones: ini file.
Note:
Firmware version 4.2 and above is required on the gateway

37. CPT Wizard- Installation
CPT Wizard- Installation
Execute the CPTWizard.exe file.
Enter the IP address of the MP-1xx/FXO.
Select the gateway’s ports and Phone numbers.
Insert Invalid phone number field, that generates a “fast busy”.

38. CPT Wizard -Automatic Mode
Press the Start Automatic Configuration button.

39. CPT WIZARD -Recording Screen
The wizard then analyzes the recorded Call Progress Tones.
4 Call Progress Tones are saved as standard A-law PCM at 8000.

40. CPT WIZARD - Manual Mode
Manual mode enables you to record and analyze tones in addition
to those tones analyzed when in automatic mode.

41. Converting INI to DAT
Convert the INI(text) file to binary mode using the Dconvert software.

42. Tones Detection Start Automatic wizard again to verify tone detection.
Upload the CPT file to the Gateway.

43. CPT Wizard – Step by Step
1.Run the CPTWizard software on your PC.
2. Enter the IP address of the MP-1xx/FXO gateway you are using.
Select the gateway’s ports that are connected to your PBX, and specify the
phone number of each extension.
In the Invalid phone number field, enter a number that generates a “fast busy” tone
when dialed. Usually, any incorrect phone number should cause a “fast busy” tone.
3.Press Next.
4. Press the Start Automatic Configuration button; the wizard starts the following Call
Progress Tones detection sequence
(the operation takes approximately 60 seconds to complete).
5. After the Call Progress Tones detection is complete, a text file named
call_progress_tones.ini.
6. Click the Process Call Progress Tones File (DCCONVERT).
7. Click the ini file and click the Open button;
the filename and path of both the ini file and the (output) dat file appears.
8.Enter the Vendor Name, Version Number and Version Description in the corresponding required
fields under the User Data section.
9.Click the Make File button; you’re prompted that the operation (conversion) was successful.

44. Chapter V
PSTN TRACES

45. Q: What is PSTN trace used for ?
A:PSTN Trace is a procedure used to monitor and trace
the PSTN elements in Audiocodes digital gateways.
These utilities are designed to convert PSTN trace binary
files to textual form.

46. PSTN Trace Activate the Web page by entering
<Mediant 2000 IP address>/FAE.
Choose ‘Trunk Traces’
Set the trace level and the trunk number.
Enable trace and insert port number.
CAS Trace
ISDN Trace

47. PSTN Trace Verify that the trace has been activated under
Advanced Configuration->Trunk setting.

48. PSTN Trace-Capture packets
Run the UDP2File utility.
Determine the trace file name. For example: xyz.dat
Determine the UDP port (the same as configured on the web).
Mark the PSTN Trace check box.
Push the Go button=> the UDP2File utility collect the trace messages.
In the WEB page push the SUBMIT button =>
The board starts to send the trace to the PC.

49. PSTN Trace-Using Ethereal
Ethereal version can capture the PSTN trace
using ACTRACE packets.

50. PSTN Trace-Capture packets
The trace can be converted into graph.
Pstn_Trace

51. PSTN TRACE– Step by Step
1)Open the Mediant 2000 WEB interface ( choose Trunk Traces):
For CAS trace: acFULL_TRACE.
For ISDN trace: acLAYER3_ISDN_TRACE_No_Duplication.
2) Enable the trace via WEB (Enable Pstn Trace From Web = On).
3) Determine the UDP port. Do not push the SUBMIT button yet !!!!
4) Run the UDP2File utility.
5) Determine the trace file name. For example: xyz.dat
6) Determine the UDP port (the same as in step 3).
7) Mark the PSTN Trace check box.
8) Push the Run button=> the UDP2File utility start to collect the trace messages.
9) In the WEB page push the SUBMIT button =>
( the board starts to send the trace messages. To verify that, take the E1\T1 cable in and out.)
In the UDP2File utility you should see the packets counter increasing.
10. Send the *.dat file for diagnostic to AudioCodes support as follow:
For CAS trace: CASxyz.dat (generated automatically).
For ISDN trace: xyz.dat (the same name you set in step 5)
PSTN traces will be analyzed by AudioCodes Tech Support.

52. Chapter VI
Command Shell

53. Q: What is Command Shell application used for ?
A: The Command Shell is set of commands which can display
various information about the TP board.
How:
Command Shell system gets command line as an Input string, parses it to command name and its parameters, executes the suitable command handler, and build the Output string

54. Command Shell-Structure
User
Trunk-Pack
Command
Shell
Application
Command line
Output string
System
Executes and
Fills output
Buffer
Output buffer
API

55. Command Shell-Access
Type the ip_address /FAE in the address fields of your web.

56. Commands Shell and Passwords
Command line syntax is:
[Command Name] <Parameters>
Sometimes Password is needed for executing and you need to do It only once.
Command Name may be full or short command name.

57. Shell-Commands -examples
CmdShell>H
[HELP (H): prints help for the shell commands
Command syntax H - prints all the shell commands
H [COMMAND] - prints help of the COMMAND
H GROUPS - prints all groups of shell commands
H [GROUP] - prints all the shell commands in the GROUP
/CONFiguration>gcp ip
/CONFiguration>gcp ip Current IP address , netmask , gateway

58. Shell-Commands –cont. SHell/WatchDogTable – WDT
Controls the WatchDog table of CmdShell commandsCommand syntax:
WDT - prints WatchDog table info
WDT <ON/OFF> - activates/deactive WatchDog table
WDT [FORMAT] <ERR/CMDSHELL> - Err: 0 CmdShell: 1
WDT <NUM ENTRY> <ON/OFF> - activate/deactivates this entry
WDT <NUM ENTRY> [DEL] - deletes this entry WDT <NUM ENTRY> <DELAY> - changes delay of this entry
/BSP>exc
used for retrieving any exception from the board.
/BSP/EXCeption>rr
determines what is the reason of the last rest
of the board.

59. Chapter VII
Hyper Terminal

60. Q: What is Hyper Terminal application used for ?
A: Terminal is any device that terminates one end
(sender or receiver) of a communicated signal .
Hyper terminal is used to retrieve data (text)
from the MP-1XX in case you suspicious fatal error.

61. Hyper Terminal
Use standard RS-232 straight cable (not cross-over cable)
with DB-9 connectors. 
RS 232 Cable Wiring

62. Hyper Terminal – Step by Step
1.On a PC running a Windows operating system,
open Start->Programs- >Communications->HyperTerminal;
the connection dialog window opens.
2.Enter a name for the new connection in the Name field and click OK;
The Connect To dialog window opens.
3.In the Connect To dialog window, enter COM1 or COM2, depending on the physical connection you have performed when connecting the MP to the PC with RS-232 cable; the COM# dialog window opens.
4.In the COM# Properties dialog window,
enter the following settings for the serial communication port :
Baud Rate : bps
Data bits : 8
Parity : None
Stop bits: 1
Flow control: Hardware
5.Click OK; the Hyper Terminal main screen opens.

63. Hyper Terminal-Configuration
The following information is printed on Terminal screen.
Changing the network settings by typing:
“SCP IP [ip_address] [subnet_mask] [default_gateway]”
(e.g., “SCP IP ”);

64. Review Questions
What are the parameters you have to configure in order to enable syslog.
Can you use a switch in order to sniff data.
What is DSP Recoding used for? What is the different between the *.dat file and the *.ini file?
What two kind of traces available in PSTN trace.
What type of cable do you have to connect between the Mp and the Terminal .