1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry

2. Section 1.1 Chemistry OBJECTIVES:
Define chemistry and differentiate among it’s traditional divisions.

3. Section 1.1 Chemistry OBJECTIVES:
List several reasons to study chemistry.

4. What is Chemistry?
The study of “matter”, its composition, properties, and the changes it undergoes. Everyday life?
Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry to attain certain goals, in fields like medicine, agriculture, and manufacturing
Pure chemistry- gathers knowledge for the sake of knowledge

5. 5 Major Areas of Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry- concerned with the composition of substances.
Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals with substances without carbon
Organic Chemistry- essentially all substances containing carbon
Biochemistry- Chemistry of living things
Physical Chemistry- describes the behavior of chemicals (ex. stretching)

6. Chemistry is
central to modern science, and to almost all human endeavors.
important to all sciences - biology, geology, physics, engineers, etc.
a natural science.
a language with its own vocabulary.
a way of thinking.

7. Why Study Chemistry?
everyone and everything around us involves chemistry
What in the world isn’t Chemistry?
helps you make choices
possible career for your future
used to attain a specific goal
Do you remember “pure” and “applied” chemistry?

8. Section 1.2 Chemistry Far and Wide
OBJECTIVES:
Summarize ways in which chemistry affects your daily life.

9. Section 1.2 Chemistry Far and Wide
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the impact of chemistry on various fields of science.

10. Chemistry Far and Wide
Materials- perfume, steel, ceramics, plastics, rubber, paints, nonstick cooking utensils, polyester fibers
Energy- greater demands
conserve it, or produce more
fossil fuels, solar, batteries, nuclear (don’t forget pollution!)

11. Chemistry Far and Wide Medicine and Biotechnology-
vitamin C, penicillin, aspirin
materials for artery transplants and hipbones
Human Genome Project
bacteria producing insulin
cloning

12. Chemistry Far and Wide Agriculture- world’s food supply
plant growth hormones
ways to protect crops
disease resistant plants
The Environment- both risks and benefits involved in discoveries
carbon dioxide, ozone, warming

13. Chemistry Far and Wide Astronomy and Space Exploration-
composition of the planets
analyze moon rocks
planet atmospheres
life on other planets?

14. Section 1.3 Thinking Like a Scientist
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the steps involved in the scientific method.

15. Section 1.3 Thinking Like a Scientist
OBJECTIVES:
Distinguish between a theory and a scientific law.

16. The Scientific Method
A logical approach to solving problems or answering questions.
Starts with observation- noting and recording facts
hypothesis- an educated guess as to the cause of the problem, or a proposed explanation

17. Scientific Method
“controlled” experiment- designed to test the hypothesis
only two possible answers
hypothesis is right
hypothesis is wrong
Generates data observations from experiments.
Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle

18. Cycle repeats many times. The hypothesis gets more and more certain.
Becomes a theory
A thoroughly tested model that explains why things behave a certain way.
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment

19. Theory can never be proven- due to new information
Useful because they predict behavior
Help us form mental pictures of processes (models)
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment

20. Another outcome is that certain behavior is repeated many times
Scientific Law is developed (math?)
Describes how things behave
Law- tells how
Theory- tells why
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment

21. Law Modify Observations Theory (Model) Hypothesis Experiment
Prediction
Modify
Experiment
Experiment
Law

22. Section 1.4 How to Study Chemistry
OBJECTIVES:
Explain why learning chemistry requires daily effort.

23. Section 1.4 How to Study Chemistry
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the importance of writing in the study of chemistry.

24. How to Study Chemistry Understanding and Applying Concepts
requires effort on your part
read materials carefully
take thorough notes you can use
study often and effectively
quiet, well-lit, remove distractions

25. How to Study Chemistry Understanding and Applying Concepts
chemistry has a language of it’s own, so learn the vocabulary
look around you, and make the connection to the level of atoms and molecules

26. How to Study Chemistry Using Your Textbook name chemical compounds
write chemical formulas
interpret graphs
techniques to solve problems
Use your Teacher and Textbook!

27. How to Study Chemistry Using Your Textbook take good notes
solve Practice Problems
read, keeping objectives in mind
use the Chem ASAP! CD-ROM
Student Study Guide (p. 24)
section summaries; Key Terms

28. How to Study Chemistry On Your Own go beyond the textbook
make flashcards
reread and rewrite notes
quiz yourself and classmates
form a study group
ASK, ASK, and ASK

29. How to Study Chemistry Tests and Quizzes cramming never a good idea
set aside a certain amount of time every day
get enough rest daily; nutrition
read tests carefully / thoroughly
do easy problems first
show work, and evaluate answer