1. Emergency Lighting Chris Holder Thorlux Lighting

2. Fires by Building Type 2004 Fire Statistics, United Kingdom
by ODPM 2004
Total: >37,000 fires
(excludes domestic)

3. Agenda Legislation/Standards/Guidance Design Requirements
Equipment – latest developments
Ownership
Automatic Testing Products and Systems
Summary

4. Bewildering/Confusing Array of References!
Just some!………………..
BS 5266 pt 1: 2005 & pt 7(EN1838): 1999
BS EN 12193: 1999
BS >2000
BS EN : 1999
BS EN 50172: 2004
BS EN 62034:2006
RRO (Fire Safety) 2005
Building Regs. Approved Doc. B 2007

5. Status Hierarchy EN Standards UK LAW BS EN 60598 2-22 Bldg Regs 2007
H & S Signs 1997
RRO (Fire Safety) 2005
EN Standards
BS EN
BS EN 1838
BS EN 50172
BS EN 12193
BS EN 62034
BS Codes
of Practice
BS 5266:1
BS 5499:1-5
Industry &
Prof Guides
CIBSE LG12
ICEL
HSE, etc

6. Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
Objectives:
To harmonise existing legislation
To create a regime based on risk assessment & fire prevention & mitigation measures
Ensure that fire safety facilities and equipment are maintained

7. Agenda Legislation/Standards/Guidance Design Requirements
Equipment – latest developments
Ownership
Automatic Testing Products and Systems
Summary

8. Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Escape
Lighting
Standby
Lighting
Escape
Route
Open
Area
High Risk
Area
Low-mounted
way guidance
system

9. Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Escape
Lighting
Standby
Lighting
Escape
Route
Open
Area
High Risk
Area
Low-mounted
way guidance
system

10. Standby Lighting BS EN 50172:2004
Applications requiring UPS (100% lighting) 7

11. Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Escape
Lighting
Standby
Lighting
Escape
Route
Open
Area
High Risk
Area
Low-mounted
way guidance
system

12. High Risk Areas BS5266 pt 7:1999
Safe Termination of Hazardous activity
Safe passage / rescue access
10% normal lighting – MIN 15 LUX
Uniformity > 0.1 min/av
Might need UPS/ small Central Battery system

13. Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Escape
Lighting
Standby
Lighting
Escape
Route
Open
Area
High Risk
Area
Low-mounted
way guidance
system

14. Open Areas (>60m2*) : Anti Panic BS5266 pt 7:1999
Or as determined by Risk Assessment
Building Regulations Approved Doc B 2007
Illumination Level: 0.5 lux minimum
Uniformity (Max:Min)= 40:1
Exclude 0.5m border

15. Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Escape
Lighting
Standby
Lighting
Escape
Route
Open
Area
High Risk
Area
Low-mounted
way guidance
system

16. Escape Routes BS5266 pt 7:1999 1 lux min along centreline
Uniformity (Max:Min)= 40:1
(EN1838 “A” deviation – 0.2 lux min if Permanently Unobstructed)

17. Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266 pt 7:1999
All Defined Escape Routes
Changes To Route Direction
Within 2 metres horizontal distance

18. Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266 pt 7:1999
EXIT DOORS (Intended for use in emergency)
Within 2 metres horizontal distance

19. Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266 pt 7:1999
External escape routes may need lighting
Consider muster points / roll calls
Within 2 metres horizontal distance

20. Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266 pt 7:1999
STAIRS / ESCALATORS
FLOOR LEVEL CHANGES / MOVING WALKWAYS
Each tread should receive direct light
(Painting stair nosings in a light colour can assist safety)

21. Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266 pt 7:1999
Toilets > 8m2 floor
Any windowless Toilets
Any facility for the disabled

22. Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266 pt 7:1999
FIRE ALARM CALL POINTS
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
Within 2 metres horizontal distance
NB - 5 lux minimum on floor if not on escape route

23. Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266 pt 7:1999
FIRST AID
SAFETY SIGNS & EQUIPMENT
Within 2 metres horizontal distance
NB - 5 lux minimum on floor if not on escape route

24. Emergency Signs BS EN 50172:2004
Required to ensure ESCAPE ROUTES are APPARENT from ANY LOCATION
Series of signs may be req’d.
MAINTAINED where occupants will be unfamiliar with building layout

25. NB All signs should be of the same format
Sign Formats & Status
Now ILLEGAL (since 1999)
UK PREFERENCE
BS5499-4:2000 (wht man – internally lit / green man externally lit.)
MOST COMMONLY AVAILABLE
SI341 HSE Signs Directive Format
HTM65 – NHS HOSPITALS
NB All signs should be of the same format

26. Externally or Internally Lit? BS5266 pt 7:1999
EXTERNALLY LIT
INTERNALLY LIT h
100 X h ( 15m?)
100 lux vertical illumination (mains) and 5 lux (battery) (Minimum values)
200 x h ( 30m?)
> 2 cd/m2

27. Signage

28. Direction Arrows: BS5499-4:2000

29. Luminaire Photometric Data BS5266-1:2005
Spacing Tables via Dialux

30. zero reflection factors for all surfaces
Direct light only BS5266-1:2005
Use direct light only.
No reflectances –
EXCEPT if using uplighters (WHY?)
zero reflection factors for all surfaces

31. Uniformity Requirements Escape Routes & Open Areas BS5266 pt 7:1999
Objective – use a number of lower output luminaires to get even light spread, not one high powered luminaire in centre.
Max : Min = 40 : 1
Escape Route 40 lux/1 lux
Open Area = 20 lux/0.5 lux

32. Individual Luminaire Failure BS EN 50172
Advised to use more than one luminaire in each compartment/zone if practical.
Minimum 2 luminaires per compartment (where practical)
Use more low powered luminaires rather than fewer higher powered

33. Avoiding Disability Glare BS5266 pt 7:1999
Consider where they are located and the problems of glare.
BS specifies maximum brightness (luminance) at specific angles.

34. Conclusions BS5266-1:2005
Client’s Fire Risk Assessment should be consulted
Guidance needed on requirements over minimum levels and locations
Points of emphasis need to be finalised!
Designer undertakes legal responsibility! (Signed Declaration of Conformity req’d)

35. Agenda Legislation/Standards/Guidance Design Requirements
Equipment – latest developments
Ownership
Automatic Testing Products and Systems
Summary

36. Categories of Operation BS5266-1:2005
Maintained 3 hour M/3 X 1
****
180 X
****
180
Non-maintained 3 hour NM/3

37. Categories of Operation BS5266-1:2005
Type
Mode of Operation
Facilities
Duration (Self-contained only) X
Self-contained
Non-maintained A
Inc. test device 10
10 min Z
Central System 1
Maintained B
Inc. remote rest mode 60
1 hour 2
Combined non-maintained C
Inc. inhibiting mode
120
2 hour 3
Combined maintained D
High risk task luminaire
180
3 hour 4
Compound non-maintained 5
Compound maintained 6
Satellite

38. Maintained or Non Maintained ? BS5266-1:2005
Maintained Exit signs when building users will be unfamiliar with its layout.
Maintained within common circulation areas of shopping malls.
Maintained usually saves installation points (regular luminaires converted)
Lamp Integrity needs close attention
Temperature/Battery life issues
Which is better?
Maintained luminaires are required where users are unfamiliar with layout.
Non-maintained – Other applications.
Apparent advantage of maintained – but consider effects of aging on lamp, heat on battery.

39. Luminaire Specifications BS EN 60598-2-22
CE Marked: declaring compliance with all relevant standards
(Tech File includes EMC test certification)
Makes site conversions very dubious
In maintained luminaire (used for both normal and emergency usage) – heat can detrimentally effect battery performance and life.
Spend much time in labs designing layout to ensure batteries are at coolest location, and testing in thermal chamber.
At end of process, the luminaire is CE marked to declare compliance, including EMC radiation and should have a technical file with certificates and test records.
Knowing work involved - query practice of contractors buying emergency gear and converting luminaires on site.

40. LEDs
Light output now high enough
Long life
Low power consumption

41. LED Exit Signs 100,000 hr life = over 11 years continuous illumination
NiMh batteries – 8 years rated life

42. Agenda Legislation/Standards/Guidance Design Requirements
Equipment – latest developments
Ownership
Automatic Testing Products and Systems
Summary

43. Good Housekeeping! As part of a Safety Culture:
Regular Inspections/Maintenance and Risk Assessment Reviews
Escape Routes permanently unobstructed
No locked/blocked exit doors

44. Servicing Regular servicing is essential
“Responsible Person” should appoint a “Competent Person” with authority to ensure correct testing/maintenance/logging

45. Inspection & Testing BS EN 50172:2004
Commissioning
Full 3 hour duration (after 24 hours uninterrupted charge time)
Monthly
Short test to ensure emergency lamp functionality
Annual (NEW, was after 3 years)
Full rated battery duration test

46. Agenda Legislation/Standards/Guidance Design Requirements
Equipment – latest developments
Ownership
Automatic Testing Products and Systems
Summary

47. Autotest Products & Systems
Product Standard
BS EN 62034:2006 – Standard for Automatic Test Systems

48. Basic Principles Self-monitoring Compliant test schedule
Timing Circuit
Charging
Lamp
Communications
Compliant test schedule
Test result status indication
Minimise risk by randomising/staggering testing

49. Solutions
Stand-alone Luminaires
Network Systems

50. Stand-alone Luminaires & Exit Signs
Each device tests itself
Indication by status LED
Use of bi-colour LEDs
May use audible sounder
Test procedure – automatic but results need to be recorded manually every 30 days
Healthy
Flashing Red = Faulty

51. Stand-alone Advantages Disadvantages Easy to specify Easy to install
Simplifies testing procedures
Reduces possibility of error
Disadvantages
Increased cost – typically £30 - £40
User has to remember to inspect on a regular basis
Test results need to be manually recorded

52. Networked Monitoring Systems
Luminaires & Signs linked back to central monitoring & reporting device
Luminaire, zone & central status indication
Detailed test reports
NOT rely on central device to initiate emergency mode
Alternative to stand-alone is a networked system that breaks the building down into logical zones, but all connected back to one central point.

53. Latest Generation Technology
Remote reporting using web/
Pro-active – system lets you know when there’s a fault
Multiple Buildings
Fault identification
Reduces time spent diagnosing fault
Helps ensure maintenance engineer arrives with correct parts
Records Archive

55. Networked Systems Disadvantages Advantages Increased capital cost
Constant self-monitoring
Central status indication speeds up inspection process
Test results are prepared/stored automatically
Pro-active – ideal for remote monitoring
Disadvantages
Increased capital cost
Installation of signal cable & zone/central controllers – not so easy to retrofit

56. Summary Stand-alone Networked systems Easier to specify & install
User must still inspect every month
Manual record keeping
Networked systems
Simplifies inspection – usually to one central location
Significant reduction in test/inspection costs
Automatic record generation & archiving
Pro-active remote reporting

57. Cost Comparison – Primary School Project
100 luminaires & exit signs
Standard Emergency
Stand-alone AutoTest
Networked Auto-Test (includes zone & centralised equipment)

58. Capital Outlay Option 1 – Standard Emergency Luminaires
Option 2 – AutoTest Emergency Luminaires
Option 3 – Networked System
Cost of Equipment & Installation
£ 15,000
£ 19,000
£ 21,800
100%
127%
145%

59. Annual Testing Costs Option 1 – Standard Emergency Luminaires
Option 2 – AutoTest Emergency Luminaires
Option 3 – Networked System
Annual Testing Cost
£ 3,000
£ 1,500
£ 600
Total over 10 years (3% infl. pa)
£ 34,400
£ 17,200
£ 6,878
100%
50%
20%

60. 10 yr. Life-Cycle Costs Option 1 – Standard Emergency Luminaires
Option 2 – AutoTest Emergency Luminaires
Option 3 – Networked System
Equip. & Inst
£ 15,000
£19,000
£ 21,800
10 yr Testing
£ 34,400
£ 17,200
£ 6,800
10 Yr Life Costs
£ 49,400
£ 36,200
£ 28,400
100%
73%
57%

61. Life-Cycle Costs Graph

62. Summary
Modest increase in capital outlay = large saving in testing/inspecting/ recording through life of building
Greater peace of mind, compliance & security

63. Conclusions
Statutory requirement to provide effective emergency lighting
Code of practice specifies requirements
Client’s Fire Safety Risk Assessment should be consulted
Technology can provide solutions
Life-cycle costs should be calculated, not just capital expenditure