1. (CRTI Project: RD) Explosive Vapors Standoff Detector – Multi-Option Differential Detection and Imaging Fourier Spectrometer (MoDDIFS)
J.-M. Thériault, E. Puckrin, H. Lavoie, F. Bouffard and S. Désilets DRDC Valcartier
Pierre Caron, PM - Public Safety Canada
Public Security S&T Summer Symposium 2009
Ottawa, June 16-18, 2009

2. CRTI Project: 07-0179RD Explosive Vapors Stand-off Detector MoDDIFS
CRTI Project: RD Explosive Vapors Stand-off Detector MoDDIFS* Project
Needs:
Crime Prevention associated with Illicit Products Fabrication by Clandestine Laboratory
Project Objectives:
To develop leading edge Infrared (IR) hyperspectral methods and sensing technology and optimize it for the standoff detection of explosive vapors and precursors.
* MoDDIFS: Multi-options Differential Detection and Imaging Fourier Spectrometer

3. Outline of Presentation
Introduction: Passive Standoff Detection of CWA Vapours:
Differential detection approach
CATSI* and CATSI EDM
Passive Standoff Detection of Explosives and Precursors:
Differential and imaging approach
MoDDIFS sensor project
Spectral signatures of explosives and precursors
Option-1 for vapours
Option-2 for liquids and solids
*CATSI – Compact Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer

4. Direct vs Differential Detection
IR Spectroscopy
Direct Approach IR
Differential Approach
Difficult Problem ?
Atmosphere Emission
Background emission
Implies large clutter/signal ratio
IR Hyperspectral Sensing
LWIR (7-13 mm)

5. Differential FTIR Spectroscopy with CATSI*
Novel Sensing Approach
Double-beam FTIR Spectroscopy
Optimized for real-time background suppression
Milestones
Develop CATSI instrument ( )
Detection algorithm ( )
Int`l Trials: Short (0.1 km), mid (1.5 km) and long (5.7 km) ranges ( )
* CATSI - Compact ATmospheric
Sounding Interferometer
Ref FOV
Target FOV
Cloud
IR Hyperspectral Sensing
LWIR (7-13 mm)

6. IR Signatures of CWAs:
Example of CWAs IR spectral signatures

7. Autonomous detection of CWA simulants at 3 and 5 Km ranges
Differential Detection Sensor Development: CATSI Engineering Development Model
CATSI EDM
Development:
Militarized for CF
Milestone (Sep 2008):
Autonomous detection of CWA simulants at and 5 Km ranges
The approach used by our group at DRDC Valcartier in the last decade is known as CATSI, for compact atmospheric sounding interferometer.
It’s not that big, would you say, until you have to move that massive tripod or the computing and power racks.
The unique feature of this sensor is that it has two inputs. You point one towards a possible target and the other towards a reference point having a similar background, and the instrument measures the differences between the two. It’s not a computed difference; it’s a real-time optical interferometric effect that simply causes the sensor to record the difference between the two fields of view.

8. CRTI Project: 07-0179RD CATSI Imager: MoDDIFS* (New Generation)
Program:
CBRNE Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI)
MoDDIFS
(CATSI Imager)
Project Objectives:
Standoff detection and identification of illicit products fabrication
Primary: Explosives and Precursors
Parallel: CWAs, Drugs, IEDs
Partners/End Users :
- Defense R&D Canada
- Public Safety Canada
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
- HAZMAT Division - Montreal
- Montreal Port Authority - Port of Montreal
- Montreal Advisory Committee on Antiterrorism
- Industries: Telops, AEREX ?
Gas Detection
Start-End: /08 to 2011
* MoDDIFS: Multi-Options Differential Detection and Imaging Fourier Spectrometer

9. High Spatial Resolution Recording:
Strategy
MODDIFS
CATSI
Adet=1mm
Adet= 0.03 mm
DTel= 12 in. A)
Aplume=10 cm B)
CATSI
10 cm
ACETONE

10. Explosives and their Precursors
Compounds
Material Class
Detectable Phase
Potential
Detection
Scenarios
Spectral Signature
TATP
Explosive
Vapor/Solid
YES*
Leak/Spill
YES
HMTD
MAYBE #
To be determined NG
Vapor/Liquid
EGDN
TNT
Solid
Spill
RDX
PETN
AN-FO ? NO
Chlorates**
MAYBE*
Nitric acid
Precursor
Hydrogen peroxide
Acetone
Vapor
Hexamine
Powder
LIKELY*
Glycerine
Liquid
LIKELY
Ethylene glycol
Liquid/Vapor
Ethylene oxide
Diesel fuel
No in LWIR
Leak
Maybe In 3-5 micron band
MEKP

11. Gas Signatures Detection Scenarios: leaking windows leaking doors
chimneys, vents

12. 500 mL acetone
in fumehood

13. Acetone - 22 Aug 2007 500 mL acetone in glass container in fume hood
100 m with vent on low
Acetone

14. Garden shed venting acetone & HNO3
Experiment-1
Garden shed venting acetone & HNO3

15. MoDDIFS Option-1: Long Range for Vapours
Main optical specifications: Telops (main Contractor)
FOV 1
FOV 2
2.8 x FOV width

16. Solid Signatures

17. MoDDIFS Option-2: Polarization for Liquids and solids
Main optical specifications: Telops (main Contractor)
FOV

18. CRTI Project: 07-0179RD Project Summary / Phases
PHASE I – Spectral Signatures : Identification of the IR spectral signatures of explosive and their precursors (completed June 09)
PHASE II – System Specifications and Prototype Construction: Development of system specifications, detection algorithm and construction of the MoDDIFS prototype. (completed Aug 2010)
PHASE III – System Validation and Testing: Verify, validate, optimize the MoDDIFS prototype through
laboratory experimentations
open air trials under realistic scenarios recommended by end users. (completed - July 2011)

19. ? Potential Applications for Detection & Identification MoDDIFS
Vapours (2nd generation)TICs
Liquid contaminants & spills Surfaces
Suicide bomber
Vapours (2nd generation)CWA
Explosives IEDs
Explosives
Powders
Liquid aerosols
contaminants
Illicit explosive and drug fabrication

20. Questions ?

21. Differential Spectroscopic Techniques
Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques
Committee on the Review of Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques, National Research Council,
The National Academies Press, 148 pp., Washington, D.C., 2004
Download free sample PDF :
Important recommendation stated:
“Research in the IR spectral range is needed to study the spectroscopic properties (e.g., thermal emissivity versus wavelength) of human skin, clothing, and other relevant materials. This information might lead to differential spectroscopic techniques that could improve IR imaging for explosive detection”.

22. DRDC Valcartier Approach: Dual Beam FTIR - CATSI
Input 1
Out of phase (180o)
Input 2
reference
target
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