1. DNA Technology and its Applications
S. Livingstone

2. We are going to study the following DNA technologies and their real-world applications:
DNA extraction
Gene Sequence Analysis
Recombinant DNA
Cloning
Gel Electrophoresis
Gene Therapy
Polymerase Chain Reaction

3. DNA EXTRACTION

4. How is DNA extracted from living things?
In class, we extracted DNA from our cheeks. Scientists and researchers use more elaborate techniques when extracting DNA
Click on the following link to extract DNA from a human online. /

5. Recombinant (Re-com-bin-nint) DNA & Transgenic (Trans-jen-ic) Organisms

6. What is recombinant DNA?
Click on the following link to learn about recombinant DNA:
Applications/GMOpkgJKloseGLampard2.swf

7. Practical uses of recombinant DNA…
Recombinant (Homemade) Vaccines (ie. Hepatitis B)
Production of insulin (to help with diabetes)
Production of recombinant (homemade) pharmaceuticals
Prevention and cure of sickle cell anemia
Prevention and cure of cystic fibrosis
To help with issues caused by bad genes
Production of clotting factors (to help stop bleeding)

8. Another Major Application of Recombinant DNA
Using the technology of recombinant DNA, we are able to introduce specific genes from one organism into another. A transgenic organism is an organism that has been genetically engineered to contain 1 or more genes

9. Applications of Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Livestock
Farm animals that are genetically altered to synthesize marketable proteins.
Mice that urinate human growth hormone (HGH)
Goats that produce the malaria antigen for use in vaccines
Cows that produce a human protein in their milk
Pigs that are genetically altered so their organs can be transplanted into a human without rejection

10. Applications of Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Plants
Plants that produce their own insecticides
Crops that have increased drought and heat resistance

11. Genetic Engineering & GMO

12. Genetic Engineering is…
The technique of removing, changing, or adding genes (chunks of DNA) to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains. By changing this information, we can change the type or amount of proteins an organism is capable of producing.
Then, if the proteins change, the TRAIT changes, like if the genes in your eye changed, then your eye color can change.
Genetic Engineering we could do this.

13. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
Often, the label GMO and the term "transgenic" are used to call organisms that have received new genes from other organisms by lab "gene transfer" methods.

14. Gel Electrophoresis (Elec-tro-for-e-sis)

15. What is Gel Electrophoresis?
Click on the following link: DNA Interactive to answer questions about gel electrophoresis.

16. What are the practical applications of gel electrophoresis?
DNA pieces produced by the gel electrophoresis can be used in other technologies like PCR, cloning and DNA sequencing
Or, the DNA fragments can be used by forensic scientists (to solve crimes), conservation biologists, taxonomists, evolutionary biologists, etc.

17. How is gel electrophoresis used by scientists?
Human DNA can be analyzed to
Provide evidence in criminal cases
Diagnose genetic diseases
Solve paternity cases
Samples of DNA can be obtained from tissue and body fluid
Cheek cells
Skin
Hair
Blood
Semen

18. What are the practical applications of gel electrophoresis?
Conservation biologists use DNA to determine genetic similarity among populations and individuals
Taxonomists use DNA to help distinguish species
Evolutionary biologists use DNA profiles to compare similarities and differences to construct family trees

19. PCR

20. What is PCR?
Click on the following link to learn about Polymerase (Puh-lim-er-ace) Chain Reactions, make sure you scroll down to see the information…

21. What are the practical applications of PCR?
PCR creates lots of pure DNA, so we can analyze DNA samples even from only a little bit to begin with.

22. DNA/Gene Sequencing

23. What is Gene Sequence Analysis?
Click on the following link to learn about gene sequencing:

24. Applications of DNA Sequencing
DNA Fingerprinting
naintro.html
If you have time, solve a crime:
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25. Cloning

26. What is cloning? Click on the following link to learn about cloning:

27. What are the practical applications of cloning?
Click on the following link to look at the practical applications of cloning:

28. Gene Therapy

29. What is Gene Therapy?
Click on the following link to learn about gene therapy
enome/medicine/genetherapy.shtml