1. “Dangerous Beauty” - Raptor F-22
Introduction
Aerodynamic Design
Maneuver/Control
Avionics/Weapons
Lessons
References
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2. “Dangerous Beauty” - Raptor F-22
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3. Introduction(Con’t) Why ATF?[8,12] Update Generation F-15+F-16+F-117
F-15 (all out and all back) Su-27, Mig-29, and Mirage 2000
ATF (first look, first shoot, and first kill) Mig 1.42 and EF2000
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4. Introduction Air Superiority[1,13]: Fighter performance, Radar, long-range missiles, short-range missiles, and combat mission radius.
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5. Why ATF(F-22)?[2,8,9,14,15,16,17]
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6. Why F-22? Air dominance fighter YF-22: Maneuverability and better compromise YF-23: Supercruise and stealth[2,8,9,14,15,16,17]
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7. F-22 technology[9] Supercruise, unlimited maneuverability, and stealth
Avionics Common modules Ada real time software Liquid cooling for reliability Low observable apertures
Radar
Infrared
Communication/Navigation
Electronics warfare
Other subsystems and equipment Low observable air data sensors Low observable canopy
External Aircraft Geometry Low observable Low supersonic drag Unrestricted Maneuverability
Propulsion Low observable supersonic inlet Low observable augmenter/thrust vectoring nozzle
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8. Configuration Features[9]
Blended wing-body with internal weapons bays and sufficient internal fuel volume for meeting long endurance mission.
Chinned forebody with radar-compatible nose, single piece canopy, and good pilot visibility (15 down look over nose).
Modified diamond wing with a wing span compatible with existing aircraft shelters, and constant chord full leading edge flaps, aileron and flaperons.
Scarfed wing tip to accommodate installation of various antennas.
All exterior edge angles aligned with either the wing leading or trailing edge angles.
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9. Configuration Features(Con’t)[9]
Twin, canted vertical tails; constant chord rudders.
All movable clipped diamond horizontal tails.
Two-dimensional, convergent-divergent exhaust nozzles with independent throat and exit area actuation and pitch axis thrust vectoring.
Freestream fixed geometry supersonic inlets with sweep cowl lips, boundary layer bleed and overboard bypass systems, and a relatively long subsonic diffuser having 100 percent line-of-sight RF blockage.
Integrated electronic flight/propulsion control system, totally software controlled.
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10. Flow Patterns/Aerodynamic Design[6]  increase: stronger vortex and breakdown moves upstream
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11. Flow Patterns/Aerodynamics(Con’t)[6]  increase: stronger vortex, breakdown moves upstream, and asymmetric trajectory of vortex
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12. Control Surfaces/Maneuver[3,7,9,10,12]
Pitch Control: H-tail + TV
Roll control: ailerons + flaperons + differential H-tails
Yaw control: V-tails with rudders + differential H-tails
>25, rudder effectiveness decreases
some high , aileron and flaperon effectiveness decreases
Full span LE flaps: optimize the wing camber for better cruise and maneuvering performance and improve handling qualities
At high  H-tails play a key role because TV frees its traditional functions.
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13. TV Envelope/Maneuver[3,10]
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14. TV Gains/Maneuver[3,7,9,10,12] Reduce weight 400 lbs. – (30~50 lbs.)
Control capabilities
Enhance pitch control
Free H-tails at high 
Decrease field length
Optimize subsonic and supersonic maneuvering performance
Post-stall maneuvering and nose pointing ability
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15. TV Gains/Maneuver(Con’t)[12]
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16. Cobra Maneuver[1,6]
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17. Supermaneuverability[10]
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18. Avionics[1] Satisfy the desire of pilot’s KISS rule.
Integrated avionics replaces federated avionics with CIP (Common Integrated Processor, a central “brain” with two equivalent Cray supercomputers), INEWS (Integrated Electronics Warfare System), and CNI (Integrated Communication, Navigation, and Identification Avionics).
Satisfy the desire of pilot’s KISS rule.
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19. Radar[1]
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20. Weapons[1] Short-range missiles Medium-range missiles Cannon 2/14/00
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21. Lessons Performance: high speed -> maneuverability
Handling: “It always did what I wanted it to do and never did anything that I didn’t want it to do” -> fault tolerant function
TV nozzle: 2D-> 3D, impact of evolution of propulsion on airplanes
Role: quantity -> quality, “knight destiny”
Information, Electronics and Materials
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22. References 2/14/00 Genglin Tang
1. Aviation Week and space technology, pp.78~83, Sept. 6, 1999; pp.50~53, Nov. 29, 1999; pp.2, Jan.1, 2000; pp.50~55, Feb.7, 2000; pp.114~117, Feb.21, 2000.
2. Jane’s Aircraft, 1982, 1992, and 1998.
3. High Angle-of-Attack Flight Characteristics of the YF-22, Clark and Bernens, AIAA
4. AFRL F-22 dynamic wind tunnel test results, AIAA Paper (A ), Gillard, William J.
5. CAIS for F-22, AIAA Paper (A ), Hochner, Bill.
6. Computational simulation of the F-22 aircraft, AIAA Paper (A ), Josyula, Eswar; Gordiner, Raymond E.
7. F-22 control law development and flying qualities, AIAA Paper (A ), Harris, Jeffrey J.
8. Origins of the F-22 Raptor, AIAA Paper Paper (A ), Piccirillo, Albert C.
9. The evolution of the F-22 advanced tactical fighter (1992 Wright Brothers Lecture) AIAA Paper (A ), MULLIN, SHERMAN N.
10. Thrust vector aided maneuvering of the YF-22 Advanced Tactical Fighter prototype, AIAA Paper (A ), Barham, Robert W.
11. Flying qualities demonstration maneuvers, AIAA Paper (A ) Leggett, David B.; Cord, Thomas J.
12. Advanced tactical fighter to F-22 raptor : origins of the 21st century air dominance fighter / David C. Aronstein, Michael J. Hirschberg, Albert C. Piccirillo. Reston, Va. : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
13. Tactical aircraft [microform] : F-15 replacement is premature as currently planned : report to the Chairman, Legislation and National Security Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives / United Sta Washington, D.C. : The Office ; Gaithersburg, MD.
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