1. HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER ONE: Biology: Exploring Life

2. Biology
The Scientific Study of Life

3. Characteristics of Life
An organism must have all seven of these in order to be considered as living.
1. Order
2. Reproduction
3. Growth and development]
4. Energy Processing
5. Respond to the Environment
6. Regulation
7. Evolutionary adaptation

4. ORDER Living things are made of cells
These units help to organize their materials.

5. Examples of Cells Nerve cell Egg and sperm Red blood cell Fat cell
Cheek cell

6. 2. REPRODUCTION Why is this so important? How do plants reproduce?
How do animals reproduce?
Egg and sperm
pollen
Euglena separate

7. Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
Two parents unite to form a new organism
Asexual Reproduction
A single parent divides itself two produce offspring

8. 3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Living things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA).
All living things have the same bases (A, T, C, G) in their DNA-they are just in different order

9. Each organism has a pattern of growth and development characteristic of its species.
Crecropia Moth Life Cycle Video

10. 4. ENERGY PROCESSING
Organisms take in energy and transform it to perform all of life’s activities.
-metabolism
-photosynthesis

11. 5. RESPOND TO THE ENVIRONMENT
All organisms respond to environmental stimuli.
YouTube - Venus flytrap eating a spider

12. Stimulus-Response
A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds.

13. 6. REGULATION Living Things Maintain a Stable Internal Environment
The environment may change, but regulatory mechanisms maintain an organisms’ internal environments within limits that sustain life.
Sunbathing lemur on a cool morning

14. 7. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION Taken as a group, living things change over time.
Adaptations evolve to allow greater reproductive success

15. 1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION
Biosphere
All environments on earth that support life
Ecosystem
All living organisms and nonliving in a particular area
Community
All living organisms in an ecosystem
Population
All individuals of one species living in one area

16. 1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)
Organism
An individual living thing
Organ system
Several organs that cooperate for a specific function
Organ
Made of several tissues to perform a specific function
Tissue
Made of several cells that perform a particular function

17. 1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)
Cell
Fundamental unit of life
Organelle
Membrane-enclosed structure that performs a specific function in a cell
Molecule
Cluster of atoms held by chemical bonds
Atom
Basic unit of matter

18. PUT IN ORDER LARGEST TO SMALLEST
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
Organ Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Molecules
Organelle

19. Name the Level of Organization

20. “Emergent Properties”
What does it mean that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?”
How does that relate to this hierarchy of life?
How is a person different than just its blood or its muscles?

21. EXAMPLES BEE HIVE Bicycle Parts
One bee does limited jobs, but together they get the hive and honey made.
Whole Bicycle
You can get a
lot farther with it put together
Drone
Queen
Worker

22. 1.3 Cells are the structural and functional units of life
A cell is the lowest level that can have all the properties of life.
UNICELLULAR – an organism that consists of only one cell EX: bacteria
MULTICELLULAR – an organisms that consists of more than one cell

23. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY Studying the interactions of the parts
Nerve cell Red Blood Cells Cardiac Muscle Cells

24. Prokaryotic Cells – have no nucleus bound in a membrane EX: bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells – have a nucleus bound in a membrane EX: nerve cell EX: nerve cell,
plant cell, paramecium

25. Prokaryotes-sole inhabitants on earth 1.5 billion years
Eukaryotes-arose about 2.1 billion years ago
So, how long ago did life begin?
3.6 bya
How did the evolution
of complex life begin?
(4:17mins)
Fossils of 3.5bya

26. Organelles
Membrane bound functional compartments within a cell

27. 1.4 Organisms interact with their environment, exchanging matter and energy
What interactions do you imagine go on here?

28. Energy Nutrients What are the producers?
Where do the plants get their food and energy?
What are the consumers?
What happens to the dead organisms and wastes? (HINT: decomposers)

29. 1.5 Evolution, the core theme of Biology
The unity of life is based on DNA and a common genetic code
ALL CELLS HAVE DNA
ALL CELLS HAVE FOUR BASES THAT MAKE UP DNA (A,T, C, G)
DNA is the molecule that makes up genes (units of inheritance) that group to make chromosomes

30. DNA is the blueprint for making proteins (pigments, enzymes, membranes, hormones…)