1. Thursday, August 4th
Past Perfect Simple

2. Use:
Completed action before something in the past.
now

3. The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.
e.g.:
John had written a letter when his mother arrived.

4. E x a m p l e s :
She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
2. I had never seen such a beautiful sunset before I went to Hawaii.

5. Adverbs: The Past Perfect Simple is often used with:
before – after – for – since –
when – just - already

6. SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE + REST
S t r u c t u r e
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE + REST
E.g.:
She’d talked a lot in the classroom.

7. SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE + REST
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE + REST
E.g.:
She hadn’t talked a lot in the classroom.

8. HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE + REST + ?
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE + REST + ?
E.g.:
Had she talked a lot in the classroom?
Yes, She had.
No, She hadn’t.

9. Time to practice!
Karen __________________ (finish) making dinner by the time her husband came home. When I arrived at the store, it _______________ (close) already.

10. Past Perfect Continuous

11. Use
When something had been happening for a period of time before something else happened.
now

12. E x a m p l e s
Ken gave up smoking two years ago. He’d been smoking for 30 years.
Our game was interrupted. We’d been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain.

13. The past perfect continuous is often used with:
just – for - since

14. SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN + VERB-ING + REST
S t r u c t u r e
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN + VERB-ING + REST
E.g.:
She’d been talking all day long.

15. SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + BEEN + VERB-ING+ REST
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + BEEN + VERB-ING+ REST
E.g.:
She hadn’t been talking all day long.

16. HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN + VERB-ING + REST + ?
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN + VERB-ING + REST + ?
E.g.:
Had she been talking all day long?
Yes, She had.
No, She hadn’t.

17. Time to practice!
Karen __________________ (finish) her homework when the celphone rang. When I arrived at home, my brother ___________________ (leave) the house.