1. Cognition Thinking: some of it is conscious but most of it is mental processes we take for granted and are cognitively impenetrable (phoneme parsing; trajectory calculation; emotion detection).

2. Categorical thinking. Simplifies action. Cognitive categories are fuzzy

7. Natural kinds (biological entities) are linked in nested trees. So fuzzy categories are a good way to represent them.

8. Memory is imperfect. Why? Storage and retrieval problem Selective forgetting Practice effect: more episodes-> better recall Retention effect: recent episodes-> better recall Spacing effect:

9. What do we know about memory? Practice effect: more episodes-> better recall Retention effect: recent episodes-> better recall Spacing effect: test interval matches practice interval-> better recall

10. Spacing effect: test interval matches practice interval-> better recall: case 1 a b c d T * a b c d T case 2 a b c d T a b c d T * time 

11. All three effects seem to match the demands on memory. Power-function character of practice and retention effects. Spacing effect. “Long interval items” more likely to occur with increasing time since last episode. “Short interval items” less likely to occur with increasing time since last episode.

12. Reciprocity as a mechanism for the evolution of altruism. Altruism: actor gets cost; recipient gets benefit. Reciprocity: actor and recipient switch. person x y time 1 B -c time 2 -c B result b b Assumptions: B-c=b, alternation of roles.

13. Requires discrimination against cheaters (=non-reciprocators). Cheater-detection module? Cosmides and Tooby) Wason selection task.

14. If the document has a D rating then it must be marked code 3. DF37

15. DF37

16. DF37

17. If a person is drinking beer than he must be at least 21 years old. beercoke25 years16 years

18. If a person is drinking beer than he must be at least 21 years old. beercoke25 years16 years

19. If a person is drinking beer than he must be at least 21 years old. beercoke25 years16 years

20. Dimensions that matter on the Wason task: concrete/abstract: not much familiar/unfamiliar: not much possibility/no possibility of cheating: a lot!

21. Reciprocity supported by other cognitive adaptations? Facial memory? (Mealey et al 1999) Label of “cheater” enhances memory for faces compared to positive or neutral labels.

22. Rationality: Ability to make judgments and choose courses of action under uncertainty. Heuristics: Heuristics and biases (Tversky & Kahneman), e.g., availability. Fast and frugal heuristics (Gigerenzer) e.g., recognition.