1. Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
Prof.
Maurizio Dècina
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

2. The Internet of the Future
Increasing Knowledge Networking
Increasing Social Networking
The Semantic Web
(knowledge)
The Social Web
(people)
The Ubiquitous Web
(people & objects)
The Web
(information)
Social Networks
Semantic Web
Internet of Things
Web Services
After Nova Spivak, Radar Networks & Mills Davis, Project 10x
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

3. The Network of the Future
Internet Architecture & Network Technologies
Spectrum Efficient Radio Access
Application server
Optical switching
High Speed Broadband Access
Personal space
Ad-Hoc mesh relay
Cellular and beyond
Gateway
Broadcast
Cooperating Objects/Sensor Networks
Public Internet
Optical
transmission 
Operator A
Operator B
Converged & Optical Networks 
European Commission,
Information Society & Media
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

4. Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
Internet with Things
Internet of Things
Internet of People
Industrial
Plants
Storage &
Logistics
Vehicles &
Transportation
Personal Sensors
Smart Buildings &
Homes
e-Health
Smart Meters
Environment
Monitoring & Control
Mobile Services
Smart Cities
109
1012
Sensing
Applications
Internet + Internet of Things = Wisdom of the Earth
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

5. WSN 6LoWPAN & ROLL INTERNET
Remote
Server
Local Server
INTERNET
Router
Router
Backhaul link
Backbone
link
IPv6-LoWPAN Router Stack
Edge
Router
Edge
Router R H
Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks (ROLL)
Standard routing algorithm for embedded apps
Application specific requirements
Home automation
Commercial building automation
Industrial automation
Urban environment R H
Simple LoWPAN
Extended LoWPAN R H
Ad-hoc LoWPAN
Sources: 6LoWPAN, The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann, 2009
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

6. Representing & Identifying Things
An Individual, Uniquely
Addressable Resource
Web- Oriented
Architecture
(WOA)
Resource
Examples:
Web page
Customer Orders
Products
Blog posts
Stock quotes
Geolocations
Map tiles
Headshots
Call records
Podcasts
Ajax components
Web widgets
Advertisements
OpenOffice docs
URI
type format
Web markup HTML, XHTML
Data XML, ATOM, JSON
Images JPG, SVG, PNG
Video MPEG, AVI, H.264
Code Jsvascript, SWF
Interact
via HTTP
Non exhaustive list of
possible representations
Links (URIs) to globally unique
resources, in lieu of copies
WOA/Client
Source: Dion Hinchcliffe, 2008
For each Real Object there is a representation in the cloud for duplications, synchronization, re-creation of the object, etc.
Actions and events on the Real Object act on network images and clones, and vice versa
Any Virtual Object is addressable
Every Virtual Object can be dynamically associated to a User Identity
Every user can have control over a specific virtualized object or aggregation of objects
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

7. Programming the Web of Things
Design effort
Low
High
User value
Web 1.0
Top-down
applications
Web 2.0
Bottom-up
Internet of Things
DiY
WoT 3.0
Embedded Web Services
CoRE, Constrained RESTful Environment
CoAP, Constrained Application Protocol
DPWS, Device Profile for Web Services
Source: Lieven Trappeniers, 2009
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

8. Cloud Computing Taxonomy
HYBRID CLOUD
PRIVATE CLOUD
PUBLIC CLOUD
COMMUNITY
DEDICATED
PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS)
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS)
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)
SERVICE CATEGORIES
BUSINESS PROCESSES AS A SERVICE (BPAAS)
Behavioral Cloudonomics
by Joe Weinman, 2010
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

9. Old and New Internet Models
Source: Craig Labowitz, Arbor Networks , April, 2011
NAP: Neutral Access Point
IXP: Internet Exchange Point
Consumer and business customers
Local
Access Providers
Customer Networks
Regional
National
Backbone
Operators
NAP
Tier 1 ISP
ISP2
ISP1
ISP3
Settlement
free
Pay for
transit BW
Pay for
access BW
Customer Networks
Regional/
Tier2 Providers
Global
Internet
Core
“Hyper Giants”
IXP
Global Transit/
Backbones
Content, CDN, Consumer
Flatter and much more densely interconnected Internet
Disintermediation between content and eyeball networks
New commercial models between content, consumer and transit
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

10. Managed Internet Services (QoS)
Cloud Computing
Internet of Things
Smart Grid
e-Health
Intelligent
Vehicle Transportation
The transformation of the energy sector (especially electricity) is based on a substantial supply of ICT infrastructure components able to "activate“ the energy transport network
The emerging need for health and social care (also associated with the growth of population life expectancy) finds in ICT a chance to increase effectiveness and efficiency
The spread of cheap and pervasive computing capacity and sensors opens the way for automation applications and mass market Web applications involving personal and public smart objects
ICT offers opportunities to support the growing need of security, safety and efficiency in the transportation sector, in particular for vehicles traffic automation and control
The evolution to on-demand service models, enabled by virtualization and communication networks, offers the opportunity to further advanced scenarios of "utility computing "
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

11. Mobile NFC Applications
Card Emulation Mode
Transaction:
Mobile payments, Ticketing, Access control, Transit, Top-ups, Toll gate
SECURE
Peer to peer Communications
Connectivity:
Data transfer: fast, easy & convenient device association, setup & configuration
Reader Mode
Service Discovery:
Source: NFC Forum, 2008
Content distribution, Information access, Smart advertising
Tata Docomo, Active Poster
Wave & Pay
m-Health
Alcatel-Lucent Wallet Phone
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

12. Future Mobile Device SENSING SEEING INTERACTING KNOWS LEARNS DISCOVERS
Local content & service discovery
Augmented reality UI
Map, 3D, in building navigation
Connection manager
Sources: from Qualcomm, USI, 2010
KNOWS
LEARNS
DISCOVERS
FILTERS
You and what is around you
What you like
Things relevant to you
Out the irrelevant
Massive scale computations (billions of simultaneous transactions) needed to mash up personal data, preferences, real world data, and device capability
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

13. Internet of Things, Big Data & Collective Intelligence
Universe of
smart objects
personal, social &
public objects
People, personal spaces
& social networks
Mobile
Devices
Smart
Objects
People
Servers & storage
Analysis engines
Virtual people, devices
& objects
Distributed Cloud
Mirror
World
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

14. Wireline vs. Wireless Peak Access Bandwidth 
GSM
UMTS
HSPA
HSPA+
LTE
LTE-Advanced
LTE-Beyond
ISDN
ADSL
ADSL2+
VDSL2
GPON
10GPON
WDM-PON
NG-PON2
Wireline & Wireless Public Access
Aggregated Bandwidth Peaks
Source: M. Dècina, 2011
1 Terabit/s
100 Gbit/s
10 Gbit/s
1 Gbit/s
100 Mbit/s
10 Mbit/s
1 Mbit/s
100 kbit/s
10 kbit/s
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

15. Reti «convergenti» fisse e mobili
Central Unit CU
(baseband, BBU)
RRU RN
DWDM PON
Micro/Pico Cell Cluster
Common Public Radio Interface
over Optical Networks
Micro Cell Cluster
DWDM RING
RRU - Antenna & RF Assets
Coverage Area
Macro cells
Micro cells
Pico/Femto cells
User Capacity/Throughput
Alcatel-Lucent
LightRadio
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

16. Converged Access and Aggregation
Optical Packet Backbone
30 PoP Areas
PoP A
PoP B BB BB
NAT
NAT
ISw
ISw
BNAS
BNAS
OLO kdc
Legacy GW
Legacy GW
OLO kdc SN SN SN SN SN SN CN
Mobile CN
Mobile SN SN SN SN SN SN
CDN
CDN
DPI
AgN
AgN
DPI ON ON
DPI, NAT & Cache
BNAS blades
DWDM (mesh & ring) ON ON ON
CDN
AgN AN SN L1 L2 L3 ON
Optical Node AN AN AN AN
Access Node
ISw
Intra PoP Switch
Access Site
Access Site
Access Site
AgN
Aggregation Node
CDN
Content Delivery SN
Service Node
DPI
Deep Packet Inspection BB
BackBone Node AN AN AN
NAT
Address Translation
Access Site
Access Site
Access Site<
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

17. Piattaforme di controllo e servizio
Mobile 2G/3G/4G
POP
MSC
DPI
HLR
Content Mgmt
DAM
CDN
Policy Manager
Messaging AS
CSCF
HSS
IMS
MME
GGSN
PDNG
SGSN
Mobile Core
IP Edge
SBC
Convergenza ?
Accesso PE
BNAS
Aggregation / Metro
Fisso BB
SBC: Session Border Controller
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
DAM: Digital Asset Management
DPI: Deep Packet Inspection
MME: Mobility Management Entity
PDNG: Packet Data Network GTW
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

18. Software Defined Networks
Feature/App
Network OS
Controller
. . .
Well-defined open API
Abstract Network View
Rete tradizionale
Feature F OS
Custom Hardware
Open interface to packet forwarding
Hardware
standard
Separazione del Piano di Controllo dal Piano Dati; il controllo diventa ‘logicamente’ centralizzato nel Network Operating Systems (NOS)
API aperte sia con i nodi (es. oggi con OpenFlow) sia con le applicazioni, permettendo attraverso una serie di astrazioni la programmabilità di rete
Integrazione tra i domini IT e di Rete
Aumento della flessibilità e velocità di innovazione
Riduzione degli investimenti
Semplificazione delle procedure operative
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

19. Architettura di rete del futuro
API
Telco
Services
Ecosystem
of Services
Third Party Services
Future
Learning
Retail
Evolution
Enterprise
Processes
Virtual
Env.ss
Future of
Energy
Iaas, PaaS, SaaS,
CaaS, NaaS,… +
Network Services
API
Network OS
Abstract Network View
API
Access
Wireline
Wireless
IP Platform
Optical Platform
Aggregation
Metro
Core
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

20. Nomi e indirizzi per mobilità: 3GPP
IMSI – International Mobile Subscriber Number
Temporary IMSI: TIMSI
Indirizzi
MSISDN Number
MSRN - Roaming Number
HON – Hand Over Number
Roaming Number
HLR
GMSC
HLR
GMSC
MSC
BSC
Cells
Mobile
Service
Area A
Area B
Hand Over Number
VLR
MSC
VLR
MSC
Service
Area
Service
Area
Service
Area
Service
Area
Service
Area
Service
Area
Cellular Operator A
Cellular Operator B
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

21. Distributed Hash Table - DHT Chord: Query Routing
Properties
Routing table size O(log(N)), where N is the total number of nodes
Guarantees that a file is found in O(log(N)) steps
Routing Rule
Upon receiving a query for item id, a node
Checks whether stores the item locally
If not, forwards the query to the largest node in its successor table that does not exceed id, or that is equal or immediately greater than id
Succ. Table
i id+2i succ
Items 7; 0
Succ. Table 1 7
i id+2i succ
query(7)
Item 1 6
Hash size=3 bit
4 nodes, 8 items 2
Succ. Table
i id+2i succ
Succ. Table
Items
3; 4; 5; 6
i id+2i succ 5 3 4
Item 2
N Nodes, K Items: each node k stores items with id ≤ k
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

22. Content Centric Networking
NDO – Named Data Object
Web page
Document
Movie
Photo
Song
Streaming media
Interactive media…
Namespace: hierarchical vs. flat
NRS – Name Resolution Service
Routing of NDO request
Routing of NDO back to requester
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

23. Content Centric Networking Data Oriented Network Architecture, DONA
Resolution Handlers
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013

24. Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013
Content Centric Networking Publish Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm - PSIRP
SI: Scope ID
RI: Rendezvous ID
FI: Forward ID
Requester
Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013