1. 9 Insert Your Chapter Title Here Data Collection Tools
Author name here for Edited books

2. Data Collection Tools Selection considerations Two primary categories
Research question
Research design
Type of data (quantitative or qualitative)
Population
Two primary categories
Subject-completed instruments
Researcher-completed instruments

3. Subject-Completed Instruments
Instruments that provide quantitative data:
Written questionnaire or survey—questions with a limited number of response options (closed-ended questions)
Self-checklist—limited number of items to choose from on a list. Subjects check items that are completed or that they prefer.
Instruments that provide qualitative data:
Written questionnaire or survey—questions that are open ended (e.g., essay form)

4. Written Questionnaire Question (Quantitative Data)
What is your age?
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-69

5. Likert Scale (Quantitative Data)
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly agree
1. The instructor was well prepared for every class. 1 2 3 4 5

6. Self-Checklist (Quantitative Data)
Which of the following activities would you be interested in doing with your teenager during the spring and fall? Please check your top FIVE choices.
____ Archery
____ Kayaking
____ Swimming (indoor)
____ Biking
____ White-water rafting
____ Climbing wall
____ Canoeing
____ Nature programs
____ Rock climbing
____ Paddle boating
____ Fishing
____ Hiking
____ Sailing
____ Field day (variety of sports and outdoor activities)
____ Orienteering (map and compass)

7. Written Questionnaire (Qualitative Data)
What did your child like the most about his or her day camp experience?
What suggestions do you have to improve the day camp for next year?

8. Table 9.1
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9. Researcher-Completed Instruments
Instruments that provide qualitative data:
Focus group—Open-ended questions are presented to a group of subjects.
Unstructured interview—Open-ended questions are presented to individual subjects.
Observations—The researcher watches what occurs and records the observations.
(continued)

10. Researcher-Completed Instruments (continued)
Instruments that provide quantitative data:
Structured interview—The researcher reads a survey with limited response options to the subject (closed-ended questions).
Performance checklist—The researcher checks off skills that can be performed by the subject.
Product evaluation—The researcher evaluates the product of an individual (e.g., a bowl made on the potter’s wheel).
Rating scale—The researcher ranks items from highest to lowest.

11. Focus Groups and Unstructured Interviews
The researcher asks open-ended questions to people in a face-to-face format.
What do you like best about the recreation facility?
What do you dislike about the recreation facility?

12. Table 9.2
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13. Structured Interview
The researcher interviews a person by reading a written survey with closed-ended questions in a face-to-face format.
The researcher records responses on the survey.
Example: Age question

14. Performance Checklist
The researcher has a checklist of skills and notes what skills the person can perform.
Example: Swim lesson
Prone float on belly
Prone float on back
Bob 10 times consecutively

15. Product Evaluation
The researcher evaluates a product by applying a predetermined set of criteria.
Example: Pottery class
Throwing a pot on a wheel
Thickness of sides is not more than 1/4 inch.
Thickness of bottom is not more than 1/2 inch.
Height of pot is at least 5 inches.
Pot is symmetrical.

16. Rating Scale Rating scales are often used in competitive sports.
Example: Diving competition
Rating scale from 0 to 10
0 means the dive was not performed.
10 means the dive was perfect.

17. Table 9.3
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18. Table 9.3
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19. Two Options for Data Collection Instruments
Find a preexisting instrument
Instrument generally has been used in the field.
Instrument has validity and reliability.
Researcher can locate instruments through literature and studies on similar topics.
Create your own instrument
Researcher must field-test.
Researcher must establish validity and reliability.

20. Table 9.4
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