1. Chapter Three: Gamelan in Cirebon

2. Indonesia 13,000+ islands, 300+ languages Former Dutch colony Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (“Unity in Diversity”)

3. Indonesia (cont.) Most populated island: Java –Dominant ethnic group: Javanese (central/east) –Second ethnic group: Sundanese (west) Most famous island: Bali

4. Indonesia (cont.) Layers of Influences on Java and Bali –Indigenous animistic beliefs –Hinduism –Buddhism –Islam (16th century) –Various Indonesian kingdoms/empires –Portuguese, Dutch, British colonial rule –Independence in 1945

5. Gamelan Ensemble (orchestra) –Bronze idiophones Gongs and gong chimes Metallophones

6. Gamelan (cont.) –Other instruments Drums Bowed string, plucked string, flute Xylophone Singing

7. Gamelan (cont.) Four Musical Layers in Modern Gamelan Music –Underlying cycle (“colotomic”) –Rhythmic control / drumming –Main melody (balungan) –Elaboration (panerusan)

8. Ways of Describing Gamelan's Musical Texture Simultaneous variation Polyphonic stratification

9. Gamelan in Cirebon Sekaten (ceremonial gamelan) Topeng (masked dance) –Five characters Panji Samba / Pamindo Rumyang Tumenggung Rahwana