1. + Primary and secondary sources Created August 2013 St. Petersburg Times, Sunday, December 6, 1942

2. + Overview You will … Identify and differentiate between primary and secondary sources Categorize examples of primary and secondary sources Define, in your own words, the terms “primary” and “secondary” sources 2

3. + Primary sources Original documents, objects, accounts or records written or produced in the time period of the actual event. Firsthand (or eyewitness) accounts. 3 Videoclip of Martin Luther King’s “I Have A Dream” march. August 28, 1963

4. + Primary source Enables you to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event or time period. Gives you an idea about what people saw, experienced or were thinking at the time of a particular event. 4 Photograph of immigrants just arrived from Foreign Countries – Immigrant Building Ellis Island, New York Harbor. Copyright 1904.

5. + Primary Source Personal records, diaries, journals, autobiographies, photographs 5 Diary of Civil War Nurse (Amanda Akin) opens at the Am History Museum Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

6. + Primary Source: Visual materials Paintings Drawings Sculpture Film/video 6 Painting: Mona Lisa Created by Leonardo da Vinci, 1503-1517 Photograph of Martin Luther King taken August 28, 1963, Washington

7. + Primary Source Songs and poems Artifacts (tools, ornaments, objects Statistics 7 Statistics of the U.S. from Census of 1840 Song, Philadelphia c. 1864

8. + Primary Source Published first hand accounts or stories Radio broadcasts Video clips of actual events An interview 8 Interview (oral history) with 442 soldier

9. + Primary Source Speeches Example: Inauguration speeches 9 George Washington’s first inaugural speech, April 30, 1709

10. + Primary Source Political cartoons 10 Title: The tread mill Creator: Macauley, C.R., (Charles Raymond), 1871-1934, artist Date Created/Published: [ca. 1913?] Summary: Cartoon marked New York World shows children turning a wheel labeled “Profits on child labor.” Political cartoon on child labor, dated 1913?

11. + Primary Source Historical documents Examples: Declaration of Independence Bill of Rights U.S. Constitution Government records Art 11 Declaration of Independence Bill of Rights

12. + Primary Source: Letters (ex. Civil War) Letters 12

13. + Why primary sources? Since primary sources represent only one person’s point of view, and may contain a person’s bias (prejudice) toward an event, they: Allow you to make your own interpretation of the information/past Allow you to analyze and compare different people’s accounts of the same event 13

14. + Secondary source Information in encyclopedias and textbooks that were written by someone who had to study or research the event first are secondary sources Second-hand information- accounts or interpretations of events created by someone without firsthand experience Sometimes expresses an opinion or an argument about a past event 14 Last modified 23 August 2013

15. + Secondary Source Think about it like this… If I tell you something, I am the primary source. If you tell someone else what I told you, you are the secondary source. 15

16. + Secondary Source Encyclopedias, history books (ex. textbooks) are all secondary sources because they were written “after” the events occurred. 16

17. + Secondary Source Charts, graphs, or images created AFTER the time period 17 Book summarizing the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center

18. + Secondary Sources Think about it… Although they can be useful and reliable, they cannot reflect what people who lived at the time thought or felt about the event. They can represent a more fair account of the event because they can include more than one point of view, or may include information that was unavailable at the time of the event. 18

19. + Primary or Secondary Source? Newspaper and magazine articles can be a primary or secondary source… If the article was written at the time something happened (an eyewitness or firsthand account), then it is a primary source. However, if a news reporter in 2009 wrote about George Washington’s inauguration in 1789, that would be a secondary source. 19 (Primary source)

20. + Primary or secondary? A map might be a primary or secondary source…for example: A map created in 1860’s is a primary source for that time; A map created today, showing distribution of slaves in the Southern States is a secondary source. 20 Title: map showing distribution of slaves in the Southern States Created/Published: A. von Steinwehr,186-? (Primary source)

21. + Now you try it! Primary source checklist: Created at the time of an event or very soon after? Created by someone who saw or heard the event? One-of-a kind, or rare? 21 Stay tuned…to be continued in class…

22. + Primary or secondary? 22 From FUTURECASTS online magazine, 4/1/01

23. + Primary or secondary? 23 Barack Obama’s Aug. 28, 2009 presidential acceptance speech

24. + Primary or secondary? 24 Diary of a Wimpy Kid book series

25. + Primary or secondary? 25 A biography by Michael Sandler

26. + Primary or secondary? 26 Steven Spielberg’s movie on Abraham Lincoln

27. + Primary or secondary? I was watching ESPN and one of the reporters said he had heard good reviews about a new sports movie. When he talks about the movie, what is he? My friends and I found an old wedding dress in our attic. My father said it belonged to my grandmother. What is the dress? 27

28. + Primary or secondary? I like to read People magazine. I really like the articles written by others about Hollywood actors. When I read these stories, what am I reading? My mom has CDs of my grandparents telling stories about when they were kids. We love to listen to these at family gatherings. What are we listening to? 28

29. + Primary or secondary? When I am doing homework for U.S. Government and I read the commentaries by Supreme Court Justices on landmark cases, what am I reading? When I was at summer camp a few years ago, I found an arrowhead; I did research and found out it has been made by the Cherokee Indians. What is my arrowhead? 29

30. + Primary or secondary? 30 Portrait of James Madison. Phlada. (Philadelphia): W.H. Morgan, [between 1809 and 1817] Prints & Photographs Division. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-16960 (b&w film copy neg.) Portrait of James Madison, 1800’s

31. + Works Cited (this page is still under construction) www.vrml.k12.la.us/4th/ss/primary.../elem/primary_2nd_docs.ppt ‎ http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en&tab=ww#fp=5681937abd98690f &hl=en&q=primary%20and%20secondary%20sources%20Powerpoint http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en&tab=ww#fp=5681937abd98690f &hl=en&q=primary%20and%20secondary%20sources%20Powerpoint http://www.loc.gov/search/?q=political+cartoons&dates=1900- 1999&sp=5 http://www.loc.gov/search/?q=political+cartoons&dates=1900- 1999&sp=5 http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a17784/ (immigrants) http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a17784/ http://www.civilwarletters.com/letters_toc.html (letters written by newton scott) http://www.civilwarletters.com/letters_toc.html http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/education/008-3010- e.html#e(checklist) http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/education/008-3010- e.html#e(checklist 31

32. + http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/ampage?collId=amss&fileName=as1/as102110/amsspage.db&recNum=0&itemLin k=S?ammem/amss:@OR(@field(AUTHOR+@od1(Anderson,+I++P+))+@field(OTHER +@od1(Anderson,+I++P+))+) [song] http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/ampage?collId=amss&fileName=as1/as102110/amsspage.db&recNum=0&itemLin k=S?ammem/amss:@OR(@field(AUTHOR+@od1(Anderson,+I++P+))+@field(OTHER +@od1(Anderson,+I++P http://www.goforbroke.org/oral_histories/oral_histories_video.asp[interview] http://www.goforbroke.org/oral_histories/oral_histories_video.asp[interview http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp/print [political cartoon] http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp/print http://www.usnews.com/usnews/documents/docpages/document_page11.htm (US news washington speech) http://www.usnews.com/usnews/documents/docpages/document_page11.htm http://www.learner.org/courses/amerhistory/resource_archive/primary.html George W. Bush library http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/ampage?collId=rbpe&fileName=rbpe20/rbpe207/2070610a/rbpe2070610a.db&re cNum=1&itemLink=D?rbpebib:24:./temp/~ammem_J71l::@@@mdb=mamcol,rbpebib,calbkbib,lhbcbbib,cic,ngp,klpmap,mymhiwebib,fawbib,psbib,lhbtnbib,detr,lhbumbib,upboverbib&linkText=0 [statistics of US] 32