1. Construction seams. Construction seams: Plain seam. Top stitch seam.
French seam.
Gather seam.
Box pleat.
Accordion pleat.
Darts.

2. Running Stitch.
The running stitch is the basic stitch use in hand-sewing,
on which all other forms of sewing are based.
The stitch is worked by passing the needle in and out of the fabric
Running stitches are used in hand-sewing and tailoring to sew basic seams,
in hand patchwork to assemble pieces together.

3. Plain seam

4. Plain seam A plain seam is the most common type of machine- sewn seam.
It joins two pieces of fabric together face-to- face by sewing through both pieces, leaving a seam allowance with raw edges inside the work.
The seam allowance usually requires some sort of seam finish to prevent ravelling

5. How to Pin and Tack Fabric
1. Place the fabric right sides together (with the nice side inside) and pin approximately 1cm from the edge where you wish to sew.
START
2. Thread your needle with tacking thread the length of your hand to your elbow. Use a back tack (one stitch on top of another) to start sewing 1cm from the edge. Your stitches should be approximately 1cm long, with spaces of 1cm between each stitch. Finish your line of running stitch with another back tack to secure.

6. How to Pin and Tack Fabric
3. When you have finished, remove the pins. Set the sewing machine to sew a running or straight stitch as follows;
Stitch length = 3
Machine your seam and then unpick the tacking thread carefully using a pin.
Press/Iron open flat the seam.

7. Top stitch Used as a decorative stitch. Shirt collars and cuffs.
Jeans leg seams.

8. How to Pin and Tack Fabric
1. Place the fabric right sides together (with the nice side inside) and pin approximately 1cm from the edge where you wish to sew.
START
2. Thread your needle with tacking thread the length of your hand to your elbow. Use a back tack (one stitch on top of another) to start sewing 1cm from the edge. Your stitches should be approximately 1cm long, with spaces of 1cm between each stitch. Finish your line of running stitch with another back tack to secure.

9. How to Pin and Tack Fabric
3. When you have finished, remove the pins. Set the sewing machine to sew a running or straight stitch as follows;
Stitch length = 3
Machine your seam and then unpick the tacking thread carefully using a pin.
Press/Iron open flat the seam.
Now turn the fabric the right side up and Top stitch along the top using the machine foot to guide you – Change the machine setting to B.

10. French seam
In a French seam, the raw edges of the fabric are fully enclosed for a neat finish.
Use on fine fabrics to give a neat and professional finish – Silk and Organza.

11. French Seam

13. Over-locked edge

14. Shaping Techniques
Waistband
To make any garment you need to know the basic techniques that will create just the shape you want!
Dart
Dart
Pencil skirt with flounce
A must for textile shapes called
Visual Diary!

15. Gather Stitch
Gathering stitches are used as simple ways to create ruffles in fabric.
They can be used in skirts or sleeves to help create a look of volume in a garment.
Ruffles can vary in their appearance, and if creating a gathered ruffle from scratch, the amount of fabric used can have a great deal of impact.
One and a half times your fabric will give a bouncy, fun look, but if you desire a tight, heavier ruffle,usetwice as much fabric as you would need. 

16. Gathers
Using stitch length setting 4 stitch two gather sewing lines. One, foot width from the edge of the fabric, the next one foot width from sewing line.
Lock stitches in only at the beginning.
Pull the two top threads only to create the gather.

17. Pleats
Box Pleats
Accordion pleats

18. How to.. Accordion Pleats Mark the pleat with a snip or tailors chalk
Lift fabric and place snips on top of each other. Secure into place with vertical pins.
Stitch across the top to keep in place.

19. How to.. Box pleat Mark the pleat with a snip or tailors chalk
Place the fabric right sides facing and stitch a 5-10cm sewing line parallel to the fold.

20. How to..
Box pleat
3. Open out the pleat and secure into place with pins
4. Stitch across top to permanently secure.

21. Gathering

22. Gather Stitching

23. How to create a gather stitch
Gather fabric and pin approximately 1cm from the edge where you wish to sew.
Thread your needle with tacking thread the length of your hand to your elbow. Use a back tack (one stitch on top of another) to start sewing 1cm from the edge. Your stitches should be approximately 1cm long, with spaces of 1cm between each stitch. When you get to the end of your stitching – pull thread to create a gather.
Finish your line of running stitch with another back tack to secure.
4. When you have finished, remove the pins. Set the sewing machine to sew a running or straight stitch as follows;
Stitch length = 3
5. Machine your seam and then unpick the tacking thread carefully using a pin.

24. DARTS
Darts are construction details that shape fabric to the curves of the body. Darts are typically found in the bust, waist and hip areas, where the body is the most contoured.

25. How to sew a dart: How to sew a dart: Step 1:
Mark the dart with tailors chalk (pencil is also Ok or an air eraser pen)
Pin horizontally to marked line

26. Step 2:
Lock stitches in at the top
Step 3:
Stitch with 2.5 all along or lower the stitch length towards the tip.
Step 4:
Tie a double knot in the end to secure the thread.