1. Incorporating and Citing Research

2. Ways to Incorporate Research  Direct Quotation Ideas are taken verbatim (word for word) from the source. Must be in quotation marks Must be cited individually Use only when information is very important or very well-written MUST BE CITED EACH TIME

3. Ways to Incorporate Research  Paraphrase Ideas are taken from source and put into your own words No need for quotation marks Cite at the end of blocks of information Use more frequently than direct quotation BLOCKS OF INFORMATION ARE CITED

4. How to Cite  Parenthetical Documentation (P.doc) Used to let your reader know WHERE your information is from Include author’s last name and page number Goes at end of sentence inside parentheses Outside quotation marks; inside period Walter says, “I’m a volcano, man” (Hansberry 38).

5. SPECIAL RULES FOR P.DOC’S  If no author, use title of article in your p.docs. WWI caused 16 million deaths (World War I Casualties).  If no page numbers, leave them out.  If you use the author’s last name in the sentence you cite, you do not need to put it in the p.doc. Example: According to Esposito, WWI cost about $337 billion. WHAT IF THERE WAS A PAGE # FOR THIS?

6. What Needs to be Cited? 1. Any information that is not 1. common knowledge (see definition below) 2. your own opinion 3. unquoted details from your novel. 2. This information can be in a paraphrase or a direct quotation. (Common knowledge is any piece of information you can find un-cited in 5 or more sources.)

7. Does it need to be cited? 1. Barak Obama is the President of the United States. 2. Albany, NY has 100,000 people. 3. Albany is the capital of NY state. 4. The Great Depression was a terrible period in this country. 5. During The Great Depression the unemployment rate was 25%. 6. Walter gives all of the money to Willy who steals it. 7. Walter says, “I’m a giant surrounded by ants.”

8. READ AND SUMMARIZE WWI ARTICLE Use paraphrases and direct quotations. Be sure to cite properly.

9. Summary TOPIC SENTENCE: World War I was an expensive war. Citation Necessary? No. No specific information has been included.

10. SUMMARY World War I was a very expensive war. Adding the total costs together, it adds up to $337,980,579,560 (Esposito).

11. SUMMARY World War I was a very expensive war. Adding the total costs together, it adds up to $337,980,579,560 (Esposito). There are two different kinds of war costs—direct and indirect. “Direct costs embrace all expenditures made…in carrying on hostilities. Indirect costs include economic losses resulting from deaths attributable…to the war” (Esposito).

12. SUMMARY World War I was a very expensive war. Adding the total costs together, it adds up to $337,980,579,560 (Esposito). There are two different kinds of war costs—direct and indirect. “Direct costs embrace all expenditures made…in carrying on hostilities. Indirect costs include economic losses resulting from deaths attributable…to the war” (Esposito). Because of these high costs, WWI was fought mostly on credit. According to Esposito, the daily cost of the war for the first three years was $123 million, but went up to $225 million in 1918.

13. WORKS CITED PAGE  Used to give your reader the publication information of your sources  Allows reader to find your sources if necessary Using your works cited pamphlet, create a works cited entry for the WWI article. (Refer to p4 under “Citing Online Databases”)

14. WORKS CITED ENTRY Esposito, Vincent J..

15. WORKS CITED ENTRY Esposito, Vincent J.. “World War I—Costs of the War.”

16. WORKS CITED ENTRY Esposito, Vincent J.. “World War I—Costs of the War.” Encyclopedia Americana.

17. WORKS CITED ENTRY Esposito, Vincent J.. “World War I—Costs of the War.” Encyclopedia Americana. 17.

18. WORKS CITED ENTRY Esposito, Vincent J.. “World War I—Costs of the War.” Encyclopedia Americana. 17. Grolier Online Encyclopedia.

19. WORKS CITED ENTRY Esposito, Vincent J.. “World War I—Costs of the War.” Encyclopedia Americana. 17. Grolier Online Encyclopedia. Web.

20. WORKS CITED ENTRY Esposito, Vincent J.. “World War I—Costs of the War.” Encyclopedia Americana. 17. Grolier Online Encyclopedia. Web. 13 November 2008.

21. WORK ON YOUR PAPER Spend this time in one of the following ways: 1. Reading your novel 2. Working on intro and plot summary 3. Taking notes for the history section of your paper 4. Writing the history section of your paper