1. Some images are from www.chem4kids.comwww.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.comwww.middleschoolscience.com 2008

2. Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. Elements in each family Elements react differently with other elements.

3. ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal 1 electron in the outer shell Very reactive, esp. with waterwater Conduct electricity Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.htmlhttp://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

4. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 2 electrons in the outer shell Reactive, but less than Alkali metals Conduct electricity

5. TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle Good conductors of heat and electricity. Some are used for jewelry. The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell. Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

6. BORON FAMILY Group 3 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals

7. CARBON FAMILY Group 4 4 electrons in the outer shell Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

8. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5 5 electrons in the outer shell Can share electrons to form compounds Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

9. OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6 6 electrons in the outer shell Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals Reactive

10. Halogens Group 7 7 electrons in the outer shell All are non-metals Very reactive and are often bonded with elements from Group 1

11. Noble Gases Group 8 Exist as gases Non-metals 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full Not reactive with other elements

12. Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive

14. More Element Stuff? A little more music??music

15. Question of the Day What is the name of the element group with a full, 8 electrons in outer shell? What is the name of the element group with 1 electron in outer shell? What happens when you mix Cesium with water?

16. Conservation of Everything Laws of Thermodynamics Tell us how things happen Conservation of Mass

17. Atom Vocabulary Protons Neutrons Electrons Nucleus Atomic Number Atomic Mass Valence Electron Shells

18. Atoms Each element is made of one type of atomatom The number of protons is unique to each element Mass depends on the number of protons and neutrons

19. Atomic what? What is an atomic number? What is the atomic mass?

20. The Electron cloud What are valence electrons?valence electrons What is the shell?

21. A little about the shell The layers are: 2 8 18 32

22. Question of the Day Name the element that has 30 neutrons and has an AMU of 56. Where is the valence electron located?

23. What’s the matter? Everything is made of matter Physical Properties Chemical Properties

24. Physical Properties Definition: characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity

25. More on physical properties Key words in physical properties: State, color, hardness, weight, odor, mass, texture, volume Is density a physical property? What is density?

26. Physical changes Change that does not affect the identity Does not change its chemical properties No new substance is formed, however State Size Or shape may change

27. Examples Can you think of an example when gas turns into a solid without ever becoming a liquid?

28. Physical Change IS NOT Burn Rot Produce a gas Rust What about dissolving?

29. Question of the Day Label each as P (Physical) or C (Chemical) Food digesting in your stomach Boiling Water Color

30. Chemical Equations There are four types of reactions that we will discuss Synthesis Decomposition Single Replacement Double Replacement

31. Synthesis Reactions ____ Mg + ____ O 2  ____ MgO ____ Ca + ____ O 2  ____ CaO

32. Decomposition ____ HgO  ____Hg + ____ O 2 ____ KClO  ____ KCl + ____ O 2

33. Single Replacement ____ Cl 2 + ____ NaBr  ____ NaCl + ____ Br 2

34. Double Replacement ____ BaCl 2 + ____ NaSO 4  ____ NaCl + ____ BaSO 4