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9th Grade Science Mr. Opatrny Some images are from www.chem4kids.comwww.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.comwww.middleschoolscience.com 2010.

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Presentation on theme: "9th Grade Science Mr. Opatrny Some images are from www.chem4kids.comwww.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.comwww.middleschoolscience.com 2010."— Presentation transcript:

1 9th Grade Science Mr. Opatrny Some images are from www.chem4kids.comwww.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.comwww.middleschoolscience.com 2010

2 Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

3 Families on the Periodic Table Metals Nonmetals Semi-conductors/Metalloids

4 Metals: Left-side of table (except for Hydrogen) Shiny conducts heat and electricity well can be stretched and shaped usually solids make cations

5 Nonmetals: Right-side of table (except for Hydrogen) may be solid, liquid, or gas typically dull and brittle poor conductors make anions

6 Semi-conductors: Where the metals and non-metals meet also called metalloids nonmetals that conduct under certain conditions Only 6: Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium

7 ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal All are metals and solid at room temp 1 Valence Electron Create +1 ions Soft and silvery, shiny Very reactive, esp. with water Conduct electricity Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.htmlhttp://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

8 ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 Metals Solids at room temp 2 electrons in the outer shell Create +2 ions White, silvery, and malleable Reactive, but less than Alkali metals Conduct electricity

9 TRANSITION METALS Metals Almost all are solids at room temp (Hg) Good conductors of heat and electricity. 1 or 2 Valence Electrons Can create up to 4 different cations Less Reactive than Alkali and Alkaline Earth Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

10 BORON FAMILY Group 13 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals Boron is a metalloid Reactive Solid at room temp

11 CARBON FAMILY Group 14 4 electrons in the outer shell Contains 3 metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 non-metal Carbon (C) Reactivity varies Solids at room temp

12 NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 5 electrons in the outer shell Can share electrons to form compounds Contains 2 metals, 2 metalloids, and 2 non-metals Reactivity Varies Nitrogen is the only gas at room temp, rest are solids

13 OXYGEN FAMILY Group 16 6 electrons in the outer shell Create -2 ions Contains 2 metals, 1 metalloid, and 3 non-metals Reactive Oxygen is a gas, the rest are solids at room temp

14 Halogens Group 17 7 electrons in the outer shell Create -1 ions Non-metals, Uus is unknown Very reactive - are often bonded with Group 1 Alkali Metals Has 2 gases, 1 liquid (Br), and 2 solids

15 Noble Gases Group 18 Exist as gases Non-metals 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full Not reactive with other elements

16 Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. Conduct electricity

17 You may watch more videos about the elements at: http://www.periodicvideos.com/


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