2. Organelles of the Cell Part II

3. Mitochondria Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular respiration Endosymbiosis theory: once free living organisms that became parts of modern cells –Evidence: Own DNA & ribosomes Make proteins Replicate

4. Mitochondria ancestor A large predator cell devours the mitochondria ancestor Mitochondria survive and divide The predator cell divides, splitting apart the mitochondria The process continues. Overtime, the two are dependent on each other.

5. Lysosome cell pro te in protein Lysosome (with enzymes inside) Contain digestive enzymes Jobs: 1) Break down food

6. White blood cell Lysosome (with enzymes inside) Contain digestive enzymes Jobs: 1) Break down food 2) Kill pathogens

7. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes Jobs: 1) Break down food 2) Kill pathogens 3) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell

8. Job: movement Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few) Sperm cells swim with their flagellum flagellum

9. Job: movement Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few) Fertilized egg grows into a fetus

10. Job: movement Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few) 9 months later…

11. Job: movement Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few) 14 years later…

12. Job: movement Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few) 4 years later…

13. Job: movement Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)

14. Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells plants fungi bacteria

15. Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells Job: Adds support for growth Plasma membrane Cell wall

16. Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells Job: Adds support for growth Made of tough cellulose –Hard to digest Witnessed by Robert Hooke in 1665

17. Job: Perform photosynthesis Several dozen plant cells… lets zoom in chloroplasts

19. Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & convert water and CO2 into sugars

20. Job: Perform photosynthesis Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & convert water and CO2 into sugars Endosymbiosis theory: were once free living organisms that became parts of modern cells Evidence: –Own DNA and ribosomes –Make proteins –Replicate Chloroplast ancestor

21. Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments Plant cells: Large central vacuole vacuole

22. Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments Plant cells: Large central vacuole Central Vacuole Cytoplasmic streaming

23. Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments Plant cells: Large central vacuole Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles vacuoles

24. Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments Plant cells: Large central vacuole Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles

25. Review 1)Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function. 2)Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm. 3)Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to exportation. 4)List various reasons to help support the theory of endosymbiosis. 5)Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not. 6)Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells? 7)Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar? 8)Which organelle creates ribosomes? 9)Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins? 10) Which molecule holds the information to make a protein?

26. Review Continued… 11) Identify the organelles in the figure below