1. Absolutism Chapter 16

2. Russia Peter the Great- took over as tsar and began the greatness of Russia –Took throne in 1682 @ 10 yr. old –1689 took control of the gov't –Uneducated but curious

3. Journey West Walked the streets of Europe Learned anatomy from a doctor Visited factories Learned how to pull teeth from a dentist Brought back soldiers, teachers, and technical experts

4. Terms Westernization - adoption of Western ideas, technology and culture Autocratic - unlimited authority

5. Peters Goals Strengthen the Military Expand Russian Borders Centralize royal Power

6. Actions taken by Peter All Russian institutions and church under his control Boyars - landowning nobles Forced people to shave and change the way they dressed Ended female seclusion with balls

7. Actions taken by Peter (cont.) Increased serfdom Imported technology Improved education Encouraged exports and industry Executed all that were against him

8. Expanding Borders Warm water port- unfrozen port –Tried taking Black Sea from Ottoman Empire but failed Great Northern War –Russia vs. Sweden –Losses at first then finally is victorious

9. St. Petersburg city built on the Baltic coast in the swampy area Serfs forced to drain the swamps Italians invited to design the city Forced China to sign a treaty for land

10. Legacy of Peter (died in 1725) Expanded Russian territory Created a mighty army Set up ports and increased the economy

11. Succession Peter had no heir and didnt appoint one –Power struggle occurs in the Romanov family –Catherine the Great - German princess that married the Russian heir to the throne Learned Russian, converted to Orthodox, and gained the loyalty of the people 1762 - Tsar Peter III is murdered by army officers She gets throne

12. Catherine the Great Improved education Codified laws Encouraged French language and customs Wrote histories and plays

13. Ruthless Catherine Exempted boyars from taxes Allowed them to be ruthless to serfs 1774 - takes Black Sea from the Ottomans

14. Russian Establishment Catherine, Frederick II, and Joseph II Meet and agree to partition Poland Partition - split up Catherine makes Russian a top power in the World