1. INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT “HE WHO HAS THE GOLD, MAKES THE RULES”

2. A. KEY CONCEPTS Location theory helps explain the spatial positioning of industries and their successes or failures Weber’s least-cost theory Transportation, labor, energy, infrastructure costs are all a part in the location of heavy industries Growth or decline of industries are influenced by political and environmental fluctuations

3. A. KEY CONCEPTS Global industrial pattern dominated by the first countries that industrialized Four major industrial regions have emerged An axis of manufacturing still exists in Europe from Britain to Poland to Ukraine NA manufacturing complex is the largest in the world today Asian Pacific Rim is the fastest growing industrial region in the world today

4. A. KEY CONCEPTS Enormous gaps between rich and poor, both globally and regionally Underlying economic disparities is a core- periphery relationship among different regions of the world 21 st century opened with some countries stuck in the primary sector whereas some were pushing the quaternary sector Rapid development is usually associated with democracy, but some are growing under authoritarian regimes as well

5. A. KEY CONCEPTS Declining cost of transportation and communication led to enormous changes in tertiary sector in 20 th century Deindustrialization in core has led to growth of labor intensive manufacturing in the periphery International labor has increased globalization leading to both positive and negative impacts Technology is accelerating the pace of life

6. B. GROWTH AND DIFFUSION Changing roles of energy and technology

7. B. GROWTH AND DIFFUSION Industrial Revolution – w,w,w,w,h

8. B. GROWTH AND DIFFUSION

9. Evolution of economic cores and peripheries

10. CRITIQUES OF MODELS Alfred Weber – Least Cost Theory #1 cost in industrial location… transportation of raw materials to factory as well as finished product to market Cost-minimizing and Profit-maximizing theories have their impact as well

11. CRITIQUES OF MODELS Immanuel Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory  Core  Semi-periphery  Periphery

12. C. CONTEMPORARY PATTERNS Spatial organization of world economy

13. C. CONTEMPORARY PATTERNS Variations in levels of development

14. ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE & SUSTAINABILITY