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What percent of Africa is desert?

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Presentation on theme: "What percent of Africa is desert?"— Presentation transcript:

1 What percent of Africa is desert?
Warm up #15 What percent of Africa is desert? What is the biggest desert in Africa? Does Africa have rainforests? Does it snow in Africa? 40 percent Sahara Yes Yes

2 Kingdoms of Africa

3 Geography/Climate of Africa
Atlas Mts Northern Coast Mild/Temperate Zone Mediterranean Sea Atlas Mountains Deserts 40% of Africa Sahara-Largest Kalahari Libyan Savanna- Grasslands with small trees and shrubs Can farm, but rain is unreliable Tropical Rainforest 10% of Africa Congo River Basin Bordered by plateaus- Relatively high, flat land Libyan Sahara Congo Kalahari

4 Geography/Climate of Africa
Nile Great Rift Valley Mountains and deep canyons Mt. Kilimanjaro Horn of Africa River Systems/Lakes Nile Congo Niger Lake Victoria-Largest in Africa Cataracts--rapids Desertification- Farmlands becoming deserts…forced people to move closer to the river systems Niger R Horn Congo L. Victoria Great Rift Valley

5 Trade Routes of East Africa

6 First Civilizations of Africa
Farming led to the development of the Kush Kingdom 100 BC-150 AD Located in Nubia-Region south of Egypt Defeated Egyptians for independence in 1000 BCE, conquered Egypt in 750 BCE Economy/Trade Meroe-Trading Center Learned smelting iron-ore from Assyrians. Became huge provider of iron products to Africa, Romans Arabia and India Also traded Ivory, Ebony, Gold, Frankincense, Slaves, Leopard Skins Conquered by Axum Kingdom for trading rights

7 Kingdom of Axum Kingdom of Axum 100 CE- 1400 CE Capital Adulis
Highlands of Ethiopia Colony of Arabs who crossed the Red Sea Became trading power based upon location; Med. Sea- India Trade Route Ivory, Frankincense, Myrrh, Slaves King Ezana Launched invasion and conquered Kush Converted to Christianity around 330 CE Axum Kingdom declined during 15th Century due to war with Muslim states in Northern Africa over Trade Axum Stele Park

8 East-African City-States
Region was influenced by Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans Indians, Arabs, Persians and Muslims Migration of Bantu- Dialect of Africa Moved into East Africa, along coast Established regional trade Port cities Mogadishu Mombasa Kilwa Eventually a mixed Arab-African culture grew called Swahili Allowed intermarriage Mixed architectural styles Mogadishu

9 South Africa Civilizations
Zimbabwe CE Built by Phoenicians Prospered from Gold trade with India (beads) and China (Porcelain) Capital-Great Zimbabwe Overlooks Zambezi River Surrounded by a Stone Wall City abandoned around 1450 Civil Wars? Drought/poor crops? European Expansion?

10 Kingdoms of West Africa

11 Kingdom of Ghana Kingdom of Ghana Formed by farming villages (Soninke)
Capital Kumbi Saleh Located on the Niger River and Savannas Ruled by Kings No Laws Strong Military Economy/Trade Main Exports Gold and Iron (Weapons) Imported Salt Preserves food Seasoning for food To replace salt in bodies due to climate Kings and merchants became very wealthy Weakened by Islamic invaders and eventually defeated by Mali Kingdom

12 Warm up #16 Why were camels a good animal for working in the desert?

13 “Fleets of the Desert” Berbers- Desert Nomads
Moved the goods across the desert via camel caravans Can drink large amounts of water Can go days without eating Hundreds of camels per caravan 3mph, days to reach destination 50webs.com/free_cartoons_mobile_animation.htm&h=90&w=100&sz=3&tbnid=pjz2LmDffgYJ:&tbnh=69&tbnw=77&hl=en&start=83&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcamel%2 Banimation%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD: ,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN

14 Kingdom of Mali Kingdom was founded by Sundiata Keita
Defeated Ghana and took capital in 1240 CE Timbuktu- Trading Center Gold/Salt Trade Mansa Musa Richest/Wealthiest King Doubled the size of Mali Divided Mali into territories ruled by Governors Devout Muslim Completed Hajj Inspired to make Timbuktu the center of Islamic learning/culture Built Mosques, Libraries Handed out Qurans Civil War in 1359 ended Mali Kingdom Kingdom of Mali

15 Kingdom of Songhai First established by Muslim, Kossi in 1009
Gao- Trading Post Military Expansion of Songhai Expanded empire in 1464 Conquered trading cities of Jenne and Timbuktu 1500s Sultan of Morocco conquered most of Songhai Gone by 1600 Tomb of Muhammad Ture, Emperor of Songhai during height of Empire

16 Other Kingdoms Kingdom of Hausa Built walls around the towns
City-states Mainly traders and farmers Kingdom of Benin Rain forest of Guinea coast Farmers and traders Eventually doorway for slave trading

17 African Society Families Basic level of society is the extended family
Groups of extended families formed communities, which are called lineage groups Most lineage groups were matrilineal- descent traced through the mother, not patrilineal; which is descent is traced through father. Roles of Women Worked in fields Have children to increase lineage group Some were merchants Inherited property Roles of Men Tended cattle Hunt Expected to move into wife’s house

18 African Society Children/Education From 0-6; learned family history,
language and songs from mother At age 6, sons went with fathers to learn the “man” roles and daughters went with mother to learn “woman” roles. Both boys and girls played larger roles in community as they got older They would officially enter society around 13 years old through a ritual declaring them “fully” men and women Slavery Very common throughout the world Berbers raided many societies for slave trade throughout Mediterranean People captured in war, debtors and some criminals became slaves

19 African Society Religion Most believed were monotheistic
Diviners-People who believe they have the power to foretell events, by working with supernatural forces Most were hired by Kings Guarantee good harvests Protection of Kingdom Importance of Ancestors Believed ancestors were closer to the Gods Believed they had the power to influence lives of descendents Stages of life 1st- Life on Earth 2nd-Afterlife

20 African Society Religion cont…
Islam challenged many beliefs, especially along the northern coast of Africa Painting, literature, wood carvings and music were means of serving religions Griots- Storytellers; kept much of early Africa history alive for us today.

21 Warm up #17 What were the two main commodities traded in West Africa?
What was the main trading city for the Kingdom of Mali Which Kingdom will eventually be the doorway for slavery What religion spread throughout Northern and Western Africa? Which kingdom was formed by a colony of Arabs and was Christian? Gold and Salt Timbuktu Benin Islam Axum


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