1. Temperature and Heat CHAPTER the BIG idea CHAPTER OUTLINE Heat is a flow of energy due to temperature differences. Temperature depends on particle movement. 4.1 Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 4.2 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. 4.3 NEW CHAPTER CHAPTER RESOURCES

2. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 4.1 I. BIG IDEA: Temperature depends on particle movement. temperature Temperature is commonly measured on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales. All particles in matter have kinetic energy. Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance. hot liquid cold liquid 1. TEMPERATURE

3. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A moving object has the most kinetic energy at the point where it moves the fastest. In other words, the more movement, the MORE energy that the substance has! 2. KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. kinetic theory of matter

4. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME What is Kelvin? What is Absolute Zero? 3. TEMPERATURE SCALES

5. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME II. BIG IDEA: Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 4.2 heat joule Heat is the flow of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature. Heat will continue to flow until all substances are at the same temperature. (does anyone know what word would fit here? Different materials require different amounts of energy to change temperature. ice heat specific heat – the amount of energy it takes to change the temperature of 1 kg. of water 1 degree Celsius. What happens when the ice is in the lemonade? 1. HEAT

6. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The energy an object has IS due to the motion of its particles (atoms). Thermal energy is the total amount of kinetic energy of particles (atoms) in an object. 2. THERMAL ENERGY 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. thermal energy heat CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

7. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 4.3 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE 3. METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation Energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES Types of Energy Transfer Continues until object temperatures are equal Conduction Energy transferred by direct contact Energy flows directly from warmer object to cooler object Can occur within one object Cycle occurs while temperature differences exist Convection Occurs in gases and liquids Movement of large number of particles in same direction Occurs due to difference in density Can transfer energy through empty space Radiation Energy transferred by electromagnetic waves such as light, microwaves, and infrared radiation All objects radiate energy

8. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A material that transfers energy and electric charge easily. conductor 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. Insulator A material that does not transfer energy heat or electricity easily.

9. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 1. A material that does not transfer energy easily. insulator 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation 2. A material that does not transfer electric charge easily. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

10. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A process by which energy is transferred in gases and liquids, occurring when a warmer, less dense area of gas or liquid is pushed up by a cooler, more dense area of the gas or liquid. convection 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

11. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Energy that travels across distances in the form of electromagnetic waves. radiation 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

12. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME I. Temperature depends on particle movement. A. All matter is made of moving particles. 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature depends on particle movement. 1. The Kinetic Theory of Matter 2. Temperature and Kinetic Energy 1. Temperature Scales B. Temperature can be measured. 2. Thermometers temperature kinetic theory of matter degree thermometer 3. Thermal Expansion CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

13. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME II. Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. B. Some substances change temperature more easily than others. 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY A. Heat is different from temperature. Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. thermal energy heat joule calorie specific heat 1. Heat and Thermal Energy 2. Measuring Heat 1. Specific Heat 2. Specific Heat and Mass CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

14. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME III. The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. A. Energy moves as heat in three ways. 2. Convection 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. 3. Radiation B. Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation 1. Conduction CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

15. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. VISUALIZATION Explore how temperature affects the speed of particles. SIMULATION Identify examples of conduction, convection, or radiation.

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21. BACK TO CHAPTER Click on the items below to access resources on Standardized Test Practice Practice state standardized tests Math Tutorial Review math concepts Resource Centers Get more information on select science topics Content Review Review key concepts and vocabulary Audio Readings Hear chapter audio readings CLASSZONE.COM Chapter Resources CHAPTER HOME Animations Link to all the McDougal Littell Science animations Review Game Play a fun interactive review game Image Gallery Click here to review chapter images and animations