1. Tied Turns in Europe After the attacks on Pearl, Roosevelt & Churchill met to develop a joint war policy Stalin wanted support from the Allies and to open a second front Allies began to strike at North Africa & Southern Europe

2. North Africa Campaign Bernard Montgomery (Monty) is sent by Britain to lead troops in Egypt Germans were entrenched at El Alamein, Egypt British could not go around, Monty goes through them in a frontal attack October 23 rd, the Battle of El Alamein takes place British took the Germans by surprise Rommel’s army defeated by Nov. 4 th Rommel retreats west

3. Operation Torch Allied forces (mostly American) landed at Morocco & Algeria 100,000 Allied troops attack Led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower Rommel caught between Monty and Eisenhower, was crushed in May 1943

4. Battle of Stalingrad After the Germans stalled in Russia, Hitler sends his 6 th Army in Summer of 1942 Goal to capture Stalingrad Luftwaffe started nightly bombings on Aug. 22, 1942 Stalin told his leaders to defend the city to the death By Nov., Germans controlled 90% of the city

5. Battle of Stalingrad Soviet troops outside the city launched a counterattack They trapped the Germans inside the city and cut them off from their supplies Feb. 2, 1943 German troops surrendered to the Soviets Stalingrad was 99% destroyed 1 million Soviet’s dead Germans now defensive

6. Invasion of Italy Stalin continued to push the Allies to invade France FDR & Churchill decide to go after Italy July 10 th they attack Sicily Mussolini arrested July 25 th By Sept. 3 rd Italy surrenders Germany seizes control Northern Italy Mussolini arrested again and shot and hung in Milan