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Oct. 5, 2015 Warm Up Review Notes/discussion over the Atlantic Slave Trade, Triangular Trade, and Columbian Exchange. Exploration Test Oct. 9 Exploration Journal Due Oct. 16
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Who was Atahualpa? What explorer took over Atahualpa’s empire? Who was Montezuma II? What explorer took over Montezuma’s empire?
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The Effects of Exploration Triangular Trade, Columbian Exchange, Encomienda System, Atlantic Slave Trade
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The Portuguese Found little gold in Brazil Started farming sugar $$$
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Patterns of Spanish Conquest Drew techniques from the Reconquista Spanish settlers (peninsulares) were mostly men Marriage b/w Native Americans and peninsulares were common mestizo (Native American and Spanish heritage) Encomienda System: natives farmed and ranched and mined for the Spanish landlords who received rights to the labor from the Spanish authorities Many abused to death
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Opposition to Spanish Rule Spanish priests who worked to spread Christianity witnessed cruel treatment and spoke out Encomienda system was abolished in 1542 Natives also rebelled Tainos rebelled against Columbus in the Caribbean Natives in New Mexico fought Spanish rule
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Discuss How did the Portuguese motives for conquest change once they made it to the New World? What area in South America was conquered by the Portuguese? Why would marriages between natives and Spaniards be encouraged? What were the effects of the encomienda system?
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What was the encomienda system? Who were peninsulares? Who were the mestizo’s?
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African Slavery Needed to resupply labor force – many Native Americans were dying, running away Advantages to Africans: Immune to a lot of European diseases Had farming experience Did not know the land, making escape difficult
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Atlantic Slave Trade B/w 1500-1600: 300,000 Africans transported to the Americas Reached up to 1.5 million by the next century Initially brought them to the Caribbean Many African rulers took part in this: Originally had sold them to Muslims Did not see a difference selling them to Europeans
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Discuss What created the need for African slaves? Why would Africans have been immune to European diseases? Why would African slaves be less likely to escape?
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Triangular Trade Actual trade route Named because… it makes a triangle…
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Step ONE: Europeans take goods to Africa Guns, Ammo, Copper, Cloth Traded for Slaves Step TWO: The MIDDLE PASSAGE Slaves traded in Caribbean for Sugar, Rum Step THREE Sugar, Rum, etc. traded back in Europe…
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Triangular Trade Middle Passage: Many Africans were packed together in dark holds About 20% died on journey
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Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade African American families torn apart Fire arms given to Africans caused issues Helped make America profitable Substantial African American populations in the New World
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Discuss What was Europe sending to Africa? Africa to the Americas? Americas to Europe? What consequences of the slave trade made the most lasting impact? Why?
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Columbian Exchange Named after Columbus Coined in 1972 His journey was the first interaction between worlds Affected every society on earth Most significant item traded? Disease 50-90% of Native Americans wiped out #2: Crops Maize, Potatoes, Tomatoes Columbian Exchange is not a direct trade route CE is the overall exchange of goods
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Columbian Exchange
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Discuss List 3 things Europe got in the Columbian Exchange. The Americas? Who got the better end of the deal in the Columbian Exchange? Why?
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