1. Social Values Changing Politics Women’s movement Gay Rights Political Change Aboriginal Rights

2. The 1960s Feminist Movement 2 nd wave This new feminism rejected all limits to the equality of women's rights and showed that equality in daily life cannot be obtained through simple legal, political or institutional modifications. Argued that society's major power relationship was one of domination and oppression of women by men.

3. The 1960s Feminist Movement Influenced by writers such as Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique -Argued that women were trapped in gender roles that were reinforced by images in the media -Urged women to liberate themselves from traditional roles and fulfill themselves as human beings by obtaining an education and pursuing careers

4. Feminism Advancing Education and Employment Equity Campaigned for workplace and salary equality demanded that women be promoted to positions of responsibility in government, business, education, and civil service Pressed for changes in education in which girls were encouraged to excel in math and sciences- more likely to lead to well paying jobs

5. Safety in the Workplace Sexist attitudes and male chauvinistic behaviours were no longer acceptable -The boys club was being dismantled Sexual harassment no longer tolerated -Women began standing up for themselves -Lawsuits

6. Sexual Harassment did not go away Labeling sexual harassment as being "just a part of life" effectively told women that this sort of thing was normal… it was their responsibility to cope with it and not complain. Therefore many women still believe that their feelings of shame and injury were evidence of something wrong with them rather than the behavior they endured. This effect only increased when people responded to women's complaints by telling them, "you asked for it."

7. Royal Commission on the Status of Women In 1967 Prime Minister Pearson set up the commission in response to pressure groups -A government body to investigate a specific problem Its purpose was to examine how Canadian women were treated and the problems they faced

8. Royal Commission on the Status of Women Recommendations Women should have the legal right to work outside the home Society, as well as parents, should take responsibility for raising children, and daycare services should be provided Women should be entitled to paid maternity leave The Federal government must take action to end discrimination against women in society

9. National Action Committee on the Status of Women A pressure group that lobbied both federal and provincial governments to act quickly on the Commission's recommendations A key victory was including a clause guaranteeing the equality of women in Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982

10. Canadian Union of Postal Workers This union was the first to win the right to paid maternity leave for its members Signified that women were encouraged to work outside the home and no longer had to make the choice between motherhood or employment

11. Persecution of Homosexuals in the 1960s Homosexuals quickly became the target of medical, psychiatric, and legal intervention, and as early as the 1870 A sodomy law is a law that defines certain sexual acts as crimes. It includes any sexual act deemed to be "unnatural" or immoral. -anal sex, oral sex, bestiality -rarely been enforced against heterosexual couples. -Today, consensual homosexual acts between adults are illegal in about 70 out of the 195 countries of the world (approximately 36%)

12. Gay Rights in the 1960s 1960s Gay Rights activists began to organize YET…. Attitudes of many Canadian, churches, and government officials were strongly anti-gay - normalized the discrimination

13. The Canadian Bill of Rights The country's first federal law to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. Implemented by Diefenbaker 1960 superseded by the 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

14. The Canadian Bill of Rights Rights included -Freedom of life, liberty, security of person, and the enjoyment of property -The right to equality before the law and its persecution -Freedom of religion -Freedom of speech -Freedom of assembly and association

15. The Issue of Divorce In 1968, Parliament passed the first Divorce Act which established a uniform divorce law across Canada. widened the reasons for divorce from adultery to include mental or physical cruelty, desertion, separation for three years or having an imprisoned spouse.

16. The Omnibus Bill of 1969 Bill C-150 was legislation that made major changes to society Recognized -The right of women to access contraceptives -The right to abortion (with certain limitations) Legalized -Homosexuality between consenting adults

17. Pierre Trudeau said “There is no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation” What does this mean?

18. Abortion in Canada 1969: Parliament allowed some abortions under extremely restricted conditions -if the pregnancy would endanger the woman's life or health. Women wait an average of 8 weeks for an abortion. Some provinces refuse to provide any abortion services at all largely unavailable to women outside major cities

19. Unenforceable Law Dr. Henry Morgentaler challenged the law -Openly admitted to performing 1000s of abortions -Juries refused to convict him 1988: On January 28, the Supreme Court of Canada strikes down Canada's abortion law as unconstitutional.

20. Bill C-84 Passed in the House of Commons 1976 ended the death penalty in Canada -did not have public support Trudeau and his cabinet were determined for Canada to join other progressive nations and abolish capital punishment

21. Multiculturalism By 1971an official policy was introduced by Prime Minister Trudeau This policy encouraged the country’s various ethnic groups to express their cultures Activities were organized across the country -Festivals -Heritage language classes -Teaching the public to value all cultures

22. Colorblind Immigration In 1967 Canada became colorblind in regards to immigration -Immigration restrictions no longer based upon ethnicity Replaced with a points system in which potential immigrants are assigned points in categories based on: -Age -Education - fluency in French and English - job opportunities in Canada

23. White Paper The Liberal government issued the White Paper in 1969 to address issues facing Aboriginal people Proposed dramatic changes -Repeal the Indian Act -Aboriginal people granted control and ownership of their lands -The provincial governments would be responsible for Aboriginal peoples -Funds be made available for economic development -Department of Indian Affairs be shut down

24. Intent of the White Paper The White Paper would end special status for Aboriginal peoples The intent was to encourage Aboriginal peoples to become part of mainstream society -Assimilation policy Seen as an attack on Aboriginal identity and culture!

25. The Red Paper Originally called Citizens Plus Presented by the National Indian Brotherhood Proposed self government for Aboriginal peoples and control of their own affairs Trudeau abandoned the White Ppaer

26. Aboriginal Education Reform The residential system began to end in the 1970s Band schools began to develop across the country -Aboriginal children could study their own languages and learn their cultures and traditions There was a lack of secondary schools near reserves -travel long distances to school -Boarding home program provided students with families to stay with near schools, but loneliness drove many to leave before graduation

27. Environmental Action Plans Aboriginal people began taking action to protect the environment Industries were expanding around reserves Concerned that hydroelectric and natural gas projects would jeopardize their hunting, fishing, and trapping activities