1. 3.7 Cell Respiration (Core)

2. What you need to know: 3.7.1 Define cell respiration. 3.7.2 State that, in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP. 3.7.3 Explain that, during anaerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP. 3.7.4 Explain that, during aerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP.

3. Remember! Respiration is not breathing! Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the cell to make ATP. All organisms respire. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen which is why we need to breathe.

4. Define Cell Respiration Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP.

5. Respiration is the controlled release of energy... Controlled by? Through what process? Enzymes End product inhibition

6. ...from organic compounds... sometimes this... From this... or sometimes this...

7. ...to form ATP. Adenosine triphosphate

8. Watch this!

9. ADP and ATP Respiration makes ATP from ADP (adenosine di-phosphate) and phosphate ions in the cell.

10. What do we use this energy for?

11. respiration cell processes

13. ATP is not a stable long term energy store. Cells which need a lot of energy will have a lot of which organelle? So, how do humans store energy long term? Mitochondria generate ATP constantly in order to maintain a sufficient supply As glycogen in muscles, or as lipids in fat cells

14. Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration requires oxygen The process starts in the cytoplasm and continues in the mitochondria. Which types of cells would have a lot of mitochondria? The first part of aerobic respiration is called glycolysis whch means “sugar splitting”.

15. CCCCCC Glucose (6C) Cytoplasm Mitochondrion CCC CCC 2 x 3C pyruvate OO Oxygen ATP ADP C OO O HH ATP ADP Carbon dioxide is excreted through gas exchange Water is recycled in the cell Aerobic respiration produces large amounts of ATP

16. CCCCCC Glucose (6C) Cytoplasm Mitochondrion CCC CCC 2 x 3C pyruvate OO Oxygen ATP ADP C OO ATP ADP Carbon dioxide is excreted through gas exchange + ethanol lactic acid yeast (fermentation) humans Anaerobic respiration produces small amounts of ATP