2. Chapter 21 Alternative Medicine Health Care Science Technology Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

3. Chapter 21 2 Objectives Explain the chiropractor’s general theory of health. Describe the responsibilities and practice of a chiropractor. Discuss the effects of massage on the body.

4. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 3 Objectives (cont.) Describe the responsibilities and practice of a massage therapist. Explain the general theory of acupuncture. Describe the responsibilities and practice of an acupuncturist.

5. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 4 Objectives (cont.) Summarize information about the study and use of herbs in healing. Describe the responsibilities and practice of an herbalist. Successfully complete 1 alternative medicine procedure.

6. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 5 Careers in Alternative Medicine 21-1 Careers in Alternative Medicine The Chiropractor The Massage Therapist The Acupuncturist The Herbalist

7. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 6 The Chiropractor Treats clients without the use of drugs or surgery. Performs manual treatments called adjustments that are used to treat out-of- place vertebrae.

8. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 7 The Chiropractor (cont.) Types of Chiropractic Practices – Chiropractors may work in a single- physician office or a clinic. – Some work with a medical doctor and/or a physical or massage therapist. – Some work in general practice, family practice, occupational health, or rehabilitation.

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 8 The Chiropractor (cont.) Job Responsibilities – Examines clients and reviews their histories by asking questions. – Uses X rays, tests muscles, and analyzes posture to make a diagnosis. – Treats clients who return for maintenance treatments.

10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 9 The Massage Therapist Uses pressure, kneading, stroking, vibration, and tapping to positively affect the health of clients. Teaches that regular massages benefit the mind as well as the body by: – Helping improve concentration. – Promoting restful sleep. – Relaxing the mind.

11. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 10 The Massage Therapist (cont.) Types of Massage – Several types of massage are based on the Asian theory of qi, or “chi.” – Some of the better known types of massage are: Swedish massage. Neuromuscular massage. Shiatsu and acupressure. Reiki. Seated massage.

12. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 11 The Massage Therapist (cont.) Therapy Practices – Massage therapists may work in their own office, make calls to the client’s residence, or work in salons. – Some work for chiropractors or in clinics with physical therapists and physicians.

13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 12 The Massage Therapist (cont.) Job Responsibilities – Act like a professional, making sure that only the parts of the body to be massaged are exposed. – Involve all the senses by using dim lights, soothing and relaxing music, and candles or aromatherapy techniques.

14. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 13 The Massage Therapist (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – Take a brief medical history of each client. – Explain what the client needs to do to prepare for the massage. – Communicate what will take place during the massage. – Create a restful, relaxing atmosphere. – Assess types of strokes or methods to use when muscle resistance is encountered.

15. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 14 The Acupuncturist The theory of acupuncture is based on the Chinese beliefs about qi, yin, and yang. The acupuncturist inserts thin, hollow needles under the skin to balance the flow of qi in the body.

16. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 15 The Acupuncturist (cont.) Acupuncture Treatment Types – Electro-acupuncture. – Moxibustion. – Acupressure. – Reflexology. – Chinese, Korean, and Japanese versions of acupuncture are slightly different from each other.

17. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 16 The Acupuncturist (cont.) Types of Acupuncturist Practices – Acupuncturists may have their own office or work in a clinic. – Some states require a medical degree before a person can become an acupuncturist.

18. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 17 The Acupuncturist (cont.) Job Responsibilities – Inspect the client’s tongue for shape and color variation. – Take pulses in as many as 50 locations as part of the physical exam. – Determine clients who are not good candidates, such as those with hemophilia.

19. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 18 The Acupuncturist (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – To determine the type of treatment needed. Most treatments take from 20 minutes to 1 hour. – To enhance the effects by using cupping, which causes the blood to pool at the needle insertion site. – To implement plans to attract new clients.

20. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 19 The Herbalist Uses leaves, flowers, berries, and roots of herbs to make treatments to prevent, relieve, or treat illness. Ethnobotanists are educated at universities and study how plants are used as medicines.

21. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 20 The Herbalist (cont.) Types of Herbalist Practices – Herbalists may practice from their own office, or may work in clinics with acupuncturists and other alternative health care practitioners. – Many locate near health food stores. – Some herbalists run small manufacturing companies where they make herbal products and grow herbs to sell.

22. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 21 The Herbalist (cont.) Job Responsibilities – Assesses the client by using a variety of techniques, including: Taking the client’s medical history. Taking pulses at various locations. Examining the tongue. Examining the client’s irises. – Takes special precautions if the client is taking over-the-counter or prescription drugs or is pregnant.

23. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 22 The Herbalist (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – Make an accurate diagnosis of the client’s problems. – Determine the appropriate herbal treatment for the client’s diagnosis. – Explain which herbs to take and how to take them. – Communicate with client regarding expected effects of the herbs.

24. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 23 Section 21-1 Apply Your Knowledge What type of herbalist studies the use of plants as medicines in various countries? Answer: Ethnobotanist.

25. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 24 Alternative Medicine Procedures 21-2 Performing a backrub provides an introduction to massage techniques. Massage is usually done on a massage table or chair. Practice infection control and good body mechanics during the massage procedure. Oil is preferred for massage. Use lotion only if oil is not available.

26. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 25 Section 21-2 Apply Your Knowledge What is used to reduce friction during a massage? Answer: Oils.

27. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 26 Procedures in the Student Text 21APerforming a Back Massage

28. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 27 Additional Procedures in Lab Activity Manual LM21-1Performing a Foot Massage

29. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 21 28 Chapter 21 Credits Slide 8CORBIS Slide 10Mark Richards/PhotoEdit