1. 1. Explain why lysine (C 6 H 14 N 2 O 2 ) is considered an organic compound (two-part answer).

2. 2. Identify the molecule below as a carbohydrate or a non- carbohydrate, and explain your answer. Black = carbon White = hydrogen Red = oxygen

3. 3. Explain why waterproof coverings, cell membranes, and steroids (messenger molecules) are all made from lipids. Use scientific vocabulary in your answer.

4. 4. Other than giving structure to animals, list two functions of protein.

5. 5. Relate “DNA” to “nucleotide.”

6. 6. Explain how it is possible to make thousands of different proteins from just 20 amino acid monomers.

7. 7. The graph below shows the breakdown of starch into glucose. Explain why this reaction does not occur spontaneously. Time Energy

8. 8. Explain how the enzyme amylase will catalyze this reaction. Energy Time Amylase

9. 9. Explain why amylase, while able to catalyze the breakdown of starch, would not be able to catalyze the breakdown of cellulose. StarchAmylase

10. 10. Explain why enzyme activity decreases sharply above body temperature, as shown in the graph below. Body temperature

11. 11. A nerd hypothesizes that wearing Axe body spray will cause women to give him their phone number; the hypothesis turns out to be supported. Explain how the supported hypothesis could become a theory.

12. 12. Identify the experiment below as controlled or uncontrolled, and explain why. Change in a Puppy’s Mass Over Time Age (months)Amount of food given per meal Mass at the end of each month (kg) 2½ can5 3 8 4 13 Change in a Puppy’s Mass Over Time

13. 13. A researcher wants to know if container size affects fruit fly populations. She investigates two groups of fruit flies. Population A is kept in a 0.5 L container. Population B is kept in a 1 L container. Identify the manipulated variable in this experiment.

14. 14. For the same experiment, identify the responding variable.

15. 15. The researcher hypothesized that there would be no relationship between container size and population size. Based on the data from this experiment, draw a conclusion.

16. 16. Explain why it is incorrect to say that the organisms below consist mostly of pure water.

17. 17. Explain why the solutions below are different concentrations, even though they have the same amount of solute. 5 mg / 1 L5 mg / 3 L

18. 18. Explain why the process shown in the diagram below does not require energy.

19. 19. Identify the type of passive transport shown in the diagram below, and defend your answer. 5 mg / 1 L5 mg / 3 L

20. 20. Explain why cells transport solute and water across their cell membranes.

21. 21. Identify a location in the human body where the type of solute transport shown in the diagram below would take place.

22. 22. List three similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

23. 23. Identify the unicellular protist euglena as a eukaryote or a prokaryote, and explain your answer.

24. 24. Identify the structure labeled “B” in the diagram, and defend your answer. A B

25. 25. List the following organelles in order according to their role in protein synthesis and secretion: rough ER, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosome.

26. 26. Explain why plants wilt when they are not watered.

27. 27. Explain why plants need: a)Chloroplasts b)MitochondriaEnergy

28. 28. Describe the structure of the cell membrane.