1. Chapter 1 lib.nmsu.edu/ cruces/elpaso.html

2. Ever seen open fields around your house turn into new neighborhoods with houses and sidewalks? If so, you have seen history in progress. Chapter 1: Section 1

3. Organizing Information Transportation Problems Trade Agreements Water Concerns Population Growth Changes to Texas Fill in this graphic organizer as we discuss chapter 1

4. The history of Texas is the story of how our state came to be the way it is today.

5. The history of Texas is tied closely to geography. –Study of land and the people who use it –Looks at where things are and why

6. GEOGRAPHY Questions Why does it rain a lot in East Texas but there are deserts around El Paso? (This question deals with the land = physical geography.) Why are cattle, farming, and oil important in Texas? Why is the capital of Texas Austin instead of Houston or Dallas? (These questions deal with the people and how they use the land = human geography.)

7. Geography Physical Geography the physical features of the earth’s surface the features of the earth that are created or changed by humans Human Geography

8. History tells us the world is constantly changing.

9. Although we can’t predict the future, knowing about the past makes it easier to predict the future. History helps you predict: –Trends: general movement toward change over the course of time –Climate: the expected weather conditions at a place, usually over a period of time

10. Texas – second most populated state in the United States In 2000 – population 21 million (In ten years the population grew by 4 million.) The census allows us to see how many people live in certain states and areas. (Census: a periodic count of the population.)

11. TIMELINE 1690–2000 1690 Native Texan population is estimated at 42,000 1792 Spanish census records 2,992 colonists in Texas 1900 Texas has over 3 million people 1962 Texas population passes 10 million 2000 Texas population passes 20 million 1836 Population reaches 56,000, with 14,000 Native Texans 1850 First U.S. census of Texas records population of 212,600

12. TEXAS POPULATION, 1850–2010

13. 1.What is the theme of this graph? 2.What information is represented on the x-axis? y-axis? 3.What year was Texas’ population 17 million?

14. Population Trend Although Texas’ population is increasing, that trend can change. There is also a trend of the population moving to the cities.

15. Some Texas Trends Our population continues to grow (more people are moving to Texas) Texas cities are getting bigger People are moving from the rural areas (or farms) to the urban areas (or cities) The continuous move from rural areas to cities has led to a shortage of important services in some communities. If these trends continue, what do you think may happen to the rural areas of Texas?

16. Organizing Information Transportation Problems Trade Agreements Water Concerns Population Growth Changes to Texas Fill in this graphic organizer as we discuss chapter 1 More people in cities fewer jobs in rural areas

17. Water Concerns Summer 2006: –driest in Texas history –record setting temperatures Dry conditions create water shortages Droughts are common in Texas. –Much harder to predict than population growth As the population increases the need for water increases. Made wild fires a possibility

18. Organizing Information Transportation Problems Trade Agreements Water Concerns Population Growth Changes to Texas Fill in this graphic organizer as we discuss chapter 1 More water is needed

19. Dry conditions affect people in many ways. Dry forests and grasslands can lead to extreme fire hazards. During a drought citizens are not allowed to burn anything outdoors. Dry conditions also mean less water. Some cities do not allow their citizens to water lawns and close car washes. Severe drought may mean the selling of farm animals and decreasing irrigation of crops.

20. Organizing Information Transportation Problems Trade Agreements Water Concerns drought water shortages fewer crops fires livestock sold Population Growth Changes to Texas Fill in this graphic organizer as we discuss chapter 1

21. Precipitation: Water that falls from the sky in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail Reservoir: An artificial lake where water is collected for us.

22. Texas is a unique part of the United States. Its diverse geography and abundant resources make it an attractive place to live. Texans must learn to manage their natural resources as Texas’s population grows.

23. More people in Texas means more cars on the road. –More traffic –Longer delays By the time you are 20, Texas will have to make some major decisions about its transportation problem. –Cities may look at mass transit

24. Organizing Information Transportation Problems pollution more $ spent on roads long delays build subways? Trade Agreements Water Concerns Population Growth Changes to Texas Fill in this graphic organizer as we discuss chapter 1 More traffic

25. Mexico is Texas’ neighbor to the south. 1992- United States, Mexico, and Canada signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). –Increase trade with one another –Easier for these countries to trade with each other –Impacted cities on the border (growing population) –Created jobs

26. Organizing Information Transportation Problems Water Concerns Population Growth Changes to Texas Fill in this graphic organizer as we discuss chapter 1 increased trade with Mexico easier to trade created jobs more people on the border Trade Agreements

27. NATURAL REGIONS OF TEXAS

28. Just as Texas has undergone many changes during its long and colorful history, it will continue to change in the future. By the time you are 20 years old, Texas may be a very different place. Changes in Texas will affect your ability to work or go to school, your income, your transportation, and other aspects of your daily life. WHY IT MATTERS NOW MAIN IDEA 1 OIL DRILLING

29. Chapter 1: Section 2 There are five themes of geography. 1. Location: ~relative location: position of a place compared to another place (My school is down the road from the Shell gas station on West Borgfeld Road.) ~absolute location: The exact position of a place on the earth

30. 2. place ~physical environment: Describe what is naturally nearby (There is a river nearby my Grandmother’s house.) 3. Human-Environmental Relationships ~The way people interact with the environment to change it. (adding a body of water, leveling land, creating hills, adding plants, polluting the air) *Can be good or bad…

31. 4. Movement: ~Migration: moving from one place to another ~how you get your groceries to your supermarket…they come from other cities ~Communication: technology allows us to communicate with those faraway to help move products

32. 5. Regions: ~places that have certain feature in common (dry areas, mountainous areas)

33. Physical characteristics tell only part of the story of geography. Much more can be learned by studying how places are similar to or different from each other and how humans have changed them over time. WHY IT MATTERS NOW Just as you affect the environment, the environment affects where you live, what you do, where you go, and what you see. 2 MAIN IDEA

34. CAUSEEFFECT 1. People have increasingly moved to the cities shortage of resources/jobs in rural areas more traffic more water needed 2. Texas has experienced droughts. fires fewer crops water shortage

35. CAUSEEFFECT 3. There are more cars on the road delays pollution more $ needed for roads 4. The United States, Mexico, and Canada signed the North American Free Trade Agreement increased trade easier to trade created jobs more people on the border

36. CAUSEEFFECT 5. Trade has increased along the Texas- Mexico border. larger border cities more trade new jobs

37. Vocabulary Check Geography – the study of the earth, its physical features, and its people Trend – a general movement toward change over the course of time Climate – the expected weather conditions at a place, usually over a period of years Census – a periodic count of the population Drought – a long period of dryness that causes damage to crops or prevents their successful growth Precipitation – moisture that falls from the sky in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail Reservoir – an artificial lake where water is collected for use

38. Use graphs to analyze population changes in Texas during the 1800s and 1900s. Make generalizations and predictions about geographic trends in Texas. Analyze the effects of physical factors such as climate and weather on Texas history. Identify how Texans have adapted to and modified their environment, and the consequences. Chapter 1 – Section 1 Objectives Chapter 1 – Section 2 Objectives Use maps to locate places and regions of importance to Texas. Identify ways in which Texans have modified their environment. Analyze the consequences of human modification of the environment.

39. REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What are two important things people can learn by studying history? What Will Texas Be Like When You Are 20? (pages 12–17) 2. In which areas of Texas has the population grown most rapidly in recent years? Why? 3. Identify one way NAFTA may benefit Texas in the near future. 4. Which Texas trends likely will continue into the future? cannibal.mi.org/ ~chad/pic/tx/texas.jpg

40. What Is Geography? (pages 19–22) REVIEW QUESTIONS continued 9. Identify the four natural regions of Texas and describe where each is located. 8. Why do geographers divide the world into geographic regions? 7. What is another name for the movement of people in geography? 6. Name the five themes of geography and give an example of each. 5. How are absolute location and relative location alike? How are they different? cannibal.mi.org/ ~chad/pic/tx/texas.jpg

41. CRITICAL THINKING 10. What businesses might profit most from trends toward more people and bigger cities in Texas? What businesses might be hurt by these trends? Explain your answers. Predicting 11. Compare the physical features and human characteristics of the place where you live with those of another city. What is one of the main features that makes your home environment unique? Making Comparisons cannibal.mi.org/ ~chad/pic/tx/texas.jpg

42. TEKS TAKS 7.8A,B 7.9C 7.21B,C,H 7.22D 7.23A,B MA 7.12A SCI 7.14A LA 7.11D, 7.13G, 7.15A Grade 8 SS: 2(8.11A,B) 5(8.30A,B,C,E) Grade 7 MA: 5(7.12A)