1. Chapter 1: Principles of Government Pope 2016Pope 2016

2. Chapter 1 Outline Government and the State Government and the State States States The Purpose of Government The Purpose of Government Forms of Government Forms of Government Types of Government Types of Government Power Structure Power Structure Relationship between Legislative and Executive Branch Relationship between Legislative and Executive Branch Basic Concepts of Democracy Basic Concepts of Democracy

3. Government and the State EQ: What is the purpose and characteristics of governance?EQ: What is the purpose and characteristics of governance?

4. What is Government? Government- is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. Government- is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. Public Policies- all of the goals and things the government pursues to do. Public Policies- all of the goals and things the government pursues to do. Every government has and exercises three basic kinds of power: Every government has and exercises three basic kinds of power: Legislative Power- the power to make laws and to frame public policies. Legislative Power- the power to make laws and to frame public policies. Executive Power - the power to execute, enforce, and administer laws. Executive Power- the power to execute, enforce, and administer laws. Judicial Power- the power to interpret laws and determine their meaning. Judicial Power- the power to interpret laws and determine their meaning.

5. The State State- a body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce laws without the consent of any higher authority. State- a body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce laws without the consent of any higher authority. **** A state is what we call a nation or country ******** A state is what we call a nation or country **** *(A nation is an ethic term to describe race, while country is a geographic term)**(A nation is an ethic term to describe race, while country is a geographic term)* A state must have these 4 characteristics: A state must have these 4 characteristics: Population Population Territory Territory Sovereignty Sovereignty Government Government

6. The State- Population A state must have a population A state must have a population The size of the population does not matter. The size of the population does not matter. Vatican City- 839 Vatican City- 839 China- 1.37 billion China- 1.37 billion States may or may not be homogeneous. States may or may not be homogeneous.

7. The State- Territory A state must have known and recognized boundaries. A state must have known and recognized boundaries. The size of the territory does not matter. The size of the territory does not matter. Vatican City-.17 square mile Vatican City-.17 square mile Russia 17 million square miles Russia 17 million square miles

8. The State- Sovereignty Every state is sovereign. Every state is sovereign. Sovereignty- having supreme and absolute power within its own territory and can decide foreign and domestic policies. Sovereignty- having supreme and absolute power within its own territory and can decide foreign and domestic policies. The states within the U.S. are NOT sovereign as they are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution. The states within the U.S. are NOT sovereign as they are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution.

9. The State- Government A state must have some type of government. A state must have some type of government. Again, a government is the institution through which society makes and enforces it public policies. Again, a government is the institution through which society makes and enforces it public policies. Government is necessary to avoid what English philosopher Thomas Hobbes called, “the war of every man against every man.” Government is necessary to avoid what English philosopher Thomas Hobbes called, “the war of every man against every man.”

10. The Purpose of Government A very meaningful explanation of the purpose of government is outlined in the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution. A very meaningful explanation of the purpose of government is outlined in the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution.

11. The Purpose of Government To form a more perfect union – in union there is strength To form a more perfect union – in union there is strength To establish justice – the law should be administered reasonably, fairly, and impartially To establish justice – the law should be administered reasonably, fairly, and impartially To ensure domestic tranquility – without order, people would live in anarchy (a state with no government) To ensure domestic tranquility – without order, people would live in anarchy (a state with no government) “Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws.” Plato “If men were angels, no government would be necessary.” James Madison

12. The Purpose of Government Provide for the common defense – the state’s security rests on wise defense and foreign policy. Provide for the common defense – the state’s security rests on wise defense and foreign policy. To promote general welfare – the state has a responsibility to provide a variety of public services To promote general welfare – the state has a responsibility to provide a variety of public services To secure the blessings of liberty – freedom is necessary for a democracy To secure the blessings of liberty – freedom is necessary for a democracy

13. Forms of Government EQ: What are the different political structures and how are they organized?EQ: What are the different political structures and how are they organized?

14. Types of Government Government can be organized between two categories: Government can be organized between two categories: Authoritarianism Authoritarianism Democracy Democracy Authoritarianism- a government that is run by a person or group of persons not accountable to the people. Authoritarianism- a government that is run by a person or group of persons not accountable to the people. Democracy- a government that is run by the people. Democracy- a government that is run by the people.

15. Types of Government Chart Selection of Leaders Extent of Government Means of Ensuring Obedience Political Parties Authoritarianism Rulers inherit their positions or take power by force. Rulers have unlimited power, Government has control over all aspects of life. The government relies on state control of media, propaganda, military power, and terror. Power lies with a single party. Democracy Leaders are chosen in elections. Government is limited in power by the constitution and laws. The government relies on the rule of law. Multiple parties compete for power.

16. Forms of Authoritarianism Absolute Monarchy- the monarch (king or queen) has absolute power among his or her people. Absolute Monarchy- the monarch (king or queen) has absolute power among his or her people. Examples: Saudi Arabia and Qatar Examples: Saudi Arabia and Qatar Dictatorship- a country is ruled by one person or political entity. Dictatorship- a country is ruled by one person or political entity. Example: North Korea Example: North Korea

17. Forms of Democracies Constitutional Monarchy- the power of the hereditary ruler is limited by the country’s constitution and laws. Constitutional Monarchy- the power of the hereditary ruler is limited by the country’s constitution and laws. Examples: United Kingdom, Spain, Morocco Examples: United Kingdom, Spain, Morocco Direct Democracy- the people vote firsthand. Direct Democracy- the people vote firsthand. Example: Ancient Athens Example: Ancient Athens Representative Democracy- the citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf. Representative Democracy- the citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf. Examples: United States, Brazil, Kenya Examples: United States, Brazil, Kenya

18. Power Structure Unitary Government- power is held at the national level. Unitary Government- power is held at the national level. Example: Great Britain Example: Great Britain Confederate Government- independent countries come together in an alliance. Confederate Government- independent countries come together in an alliance. Examples: U.S (1781-89), the EU Examples: U.S (1781-89), the EU Federal Government- power is divided between national and local governments. (Federalism) Federal Government- power is divided between national and local governments. (Federalism) Examples: U.S., Canada, Germany Examples: U.S., Canada, Germany

19. Relationship Between Legislative & Executive Branch Presidential Government- legislative and executive branches are independent and coequal. Presidential Government- legislative and executive branches are independent and coequal. President is elected separately from the legislators President is elected separately from the legislators President appoints cabinet members not from the legislative branch President appoints cabinet members not from the legislative branch Parliamentary Government- members of the executive branch are also members of the legislative branch. Parliamentary Government- members of the executive branch are also members of the legislative branch. Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party Appoints a cabinet from the members of parliament Appoints a cabinet from the members of parliament

20. Relationships Between Legislative & Executive Branch

21. Basic Concepts of Democracy EQ: What are the basic concepts on which American Democracy is built?EQ: What are the basic concepts on which American Democracy is built?

22. Fundamental Worth of an Individual Democracy exists because the American people believe in its basic concepts. Democracy exists because the American people believe in its basic concepts. Democracy insists on worth and dignity of all. Democracy insists on worth and dignity of all. Most governments in the word are unitary. Most governments in the word are unitary.

23. Equality of ALL Persons Equality of ALL persons (not equality on conditions). Equality of ALL persons (not equality on conditions). Democracy insists on equality opportunity. Democracy insists on equality opportunity. Democracy insists on equality before law. Democracy insists on equality before law.

24. Majority Rule and Minority Rights Democracy argues that the majority will be right more often than wrong. Democracy argues that the majority will be right more often than wrong. The process searches for satisfactory solutions to public problems. The process searches for satisfactory solutions to public problems. The majority must recognize the right of the minority to become the majority. The majority must recognize the right of the minority to become the majority.

25. Necessity of Compromise In a democracy, public decision making must be largely a matter of give-and-take. In a democracy, public decision making must be largely a matter of give-and-take. Societies have many different views, so for a government to be effective it must compromise to achieve a majority agreement. Societies have many different views, so for a government to be effective it must compromise to achieve a majority agreement.

26. Individual Freedom Democracy can only thrive in an atmosphere of individual freedom. Democracy can only thrive in an atmosphere of individual freedom. Absolute freedom cannot exist (anarchy). Absolute freedom cannot exist (anarchy). “Must a government of necessity be too strong for the liberties of its own people, or too weak to maintain its own existence.” “Must a government of necessity be too strong for the liberties of its own people, or too weak to maintain its own existence.” Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln