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The biological basis of behavior liudexiang
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contents Neurons The central nervous system The peripheral nervous system
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neuron
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Neurons: the messengers Neurons: individual cells that are the smallest unit of the nervous system. Dendrites: short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages. Axon: single long fiber extending from the cell body; it carries outgoing messages.
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Neurons: the messengers Nerve: group of axon bundled together. Myelin sheath: white fatty covering found on some axons.
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Types of neurons Sensory neurons: neurons that carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord or brain. Motor neurons: neurons that carry messages from the spinal or brain to the muscles and glands. Interneurons: neurons that carry messages from one neuron to another.
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Motor neurons
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Types of neurons
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The synapse Synapse: area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron. Neurotransmitters: chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons. Synaptic vesicles: tiny sacs in a terminal button that release chemicals into the synapse.
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The synapse
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The central nervous system CNS: division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.
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The hindbrain Area that containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.
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Forebrain/Midbrain/Hindbrain
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Cerebral cortex Frontal lobe: part of cerebral cortex that is responsible for voluntary movement; it is also important for attention, goal-directed behavior, and appropriate emotional experiences.
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The four lobes of the cerebral cortex Occipital lobe: part of the cerebral hemisphere that receives and interprets visual information. Parietal lobe: part of the cerebral cortex that receives sensory information from throughout the body. Temporal lobe: part of the cerebral hemisphere that helps regulate hearing, balance and equilibrium, and certain emotions and motivations.
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The four lobes of the cerebral cortex
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The peripheral nervous system (PNS) Somatic nervous system: the part of the PNS that carries messages from the senses to the CNS and between the CNS and the skeletal muscles. Autonomic nervous system: the part of the PNS that carries messages between the CNS and the internal organs.
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The autonomic nervous system Sympathetic division: branch of the autonomic nervous system; it prepares the body for quick action in an emergency. Parasympathetic division: branch of the autonomic nervous system; it calms and relaxes the body.
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THE END
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